No abstract

HC + OO diet has high absorption velocity in the acinar zone 1 of liver compared to the HC + SO diet. Based on this, the reduction of the LDL-C, VLDL-C and CT serum levels in the animals treated with HC + OO diet may have been caused by the delay in the FA release to the blood.

Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., popularly known as “barbatimão”, is a plant species traditionally used by topical and oral routes for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Considering the well-described antioxidant properties of this species, this study investigated the protective effects of its keto-aqueous extract using an in vitro model of iron overload. Phenolic compounds were quantified and identified by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–ESI-qTOF-MS/MS) in positive and negative ions mode analysis. Antioxidant activity was analyzed following the iron-chelating–reducing capacity and deoxyribose degradation (2-DR) protection methods. The analysis identified condensed tannins (54.8 mg catechin/g dry fraction (DF), polyphenols (25 mg gallic acid/g DF), and hydrolyzable tannins (28.8 mg tannic acid/g DF). Among the constituents, prodelphinidin, procyanidin, and prorobinetinidine were isolated and identified. The extract significantly protected 2-DR degradation induced by Fe2+ (72% protection) or •OH (43% protection). The ortho-phenanthroline test revealed Fe2+-chelating and Fe3+-reducing activities of 93% and 84%, respectively. A preliminary toxicological analysis using Artemia salina revealed mortality below 10%, at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL, indicating low toxicity under the present experimental conditions. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate that Stryphnodendron rotundifolium is a source of antioxidant compounds with the potential to be used in drug development in the context of iron overload disorders, which remains to be further investigated in vivo.

This study presents the chemical profile of extracts from the pulp and seed of Annona squamosa L., as well as the evaluation of their antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. In the chemical prospection, qualitative assays were performed, and the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and carotenoids were quantified. For the compounds identification, analyses of the extracts were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antioxidant evaluation was performed using the DPPH, ABTS, Fe3+ reduction, 2-DR protection, and β-carotene protection methods. The assay for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity was determined using the method described by Ellman. The secondary metabolites identified were anthocyanidins, flavones, flavonols, and alkaloids. Phenol analysis showed a higher quantitative value of total phenols and flavonoids for the seed extract, and the vitamin C content was higher in the pulp extract. There was no significant difference in relation to the carotenoids quantification. The best results obtained for antioxidant activity, for both seed and pulp extracts, were with the ABTS method with IC50 of 0.14 ± 0.02 and 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. Compared to A. squamosa seed extract, the pulp extract demonstrates higher AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 of 18.82 ± 0.17 µg/mL. A. squamosa is a nutritious food source. The continuity of the studies is fundamental to relate the consumption of this food and its effects on neurodegenerative diseases.

Hymenaea courbaril L. (Jatobá) pertencente à família Fabaceae apresenta larga utilização no setor florestal, sendo seu caule o produto mais comercializado por apresentar madeira de alta densidade e resistência ao ataque de organismos decompositores no Brasil, essa espécie ocorre naturalmente deste o estado do Piauí até o Norte do Paraná. O Jatobá é muito utilizado na medicina para o tratamento de diferentes infermidades. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antibacteriana e moduladora de aminoglicosídeos pelo extrato das cascas dos frutos do jatobá, e ainda realizar screening fitoquímico para averiguar as principais classes de metabólitos secundários presentes. Os ensaios frente às bactérias seguiram o método de microdiluição em caldo BHI. Os testes químicos foram realizados qualitativamente pela adição de ácidos e bases. Como resultado a análise antibacteriana do extrato mostrou-se eficiente para todas as linhagens, principalmente frente a espécie Staphylococcus aureus. A modulação dos antibióticos pelo extrato mostrou sinergismo contra todas as espécies bacterianas testadas, reduzindo significativamente os valores de CIM. A prospecção química revelou que o extrato do Jatobá, em estudo, contém compostos pertencentes á classes de flavonóides. Conclui-se que a espécie em estudo mostrou-se promissora como antimicrobiano natural, sendo importante a investigação quanto aos seus mecanismos de ação.