This study aims to determine the types of metals and their levels in the samples of Blood Clams (Anadara granosa) and Feather Shells (Anadara antiquata) from the sea of Lewoleba Bay, Lembata district, East Nusa Tenggara province. Both types of shellfish live on Slug Island (Awololong) in the middle of the Lewoleba Bay marine area. The people of Lembata use the two types of shellfish as side dishes and a source of economic income. It is necessary to analyze heavy metal contamination in the marine area of Lewoleba Bay through these two types of shells because human activities have been increasing in the Lewoleba Bay area of Lembata. A total of 100 grams of each sample of dried mussel meat, was destroyed and analyzed for the content of elements and levels of elements, using an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometer. The results obtained were that the Blood Shellfish sample contained the following elements and levels: P (10%), S (12%), K (12%), Ca (23%), Cr (0.32%), Fe (2 .6%), Ni (0.2%), Cu (0.62%), Zn (20.6%), Br (3.4%), Mo (14%) and Yb (0.9%) . Reed Shells samples contain; P (11.0%), S (1.0%), K (11.7%), Ca (39.2%), Cr (0.62%), Fe (8.95%), Ni ( 0.4%), Cu (0.49%), Zn (2.4%), Br (1.4%), Mo (22%) and Yb (0.3%) and Re (0.5% ). It appears that both types of samples contain essential heavy metals in the form of Cu, Fe, Zn and Ni, and contain Cr which is toxic. The Cr content in the Reed Shells samples was higher than that of Blood Clams. The Reed Shells sample also contains the element Re which is a type of rare earth element. Heavy metal levels of Cu, Ni and Cr in both samples exceeded the threshold according to the Decree of the Minister of the Environment of the Republic of Indonesia number 51 of 2004.
Penelitian tentang sintesis dan karakterisasi silika gel dari limbah batu akik asal Desa Nian Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara menggunakan metode sol gel telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kimia, karakteristik silika gel yang disintesis dari limbah batu akik asal Desa Nian Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber sintesis silika gel. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sol gel. Penelitian ini diawali dengan pencucian serbuk limbah batu akik dengan HCl 2 M untuk menghilangkan unsur-unsur pengotor. Selanjut ekstraksi silika dilakukan dengan mereaksikan dengan NaOH 3 M untuk memperoleh natrium silikat. Natrium silikat yang diperoleh selanjutnya disintesis menjadi silika gel dengan menambahkan HCl 3 M tetes demi tetes sampai pH netral. Silika gel hasil sintesis dianalisis komposisi dengan XRF dan dikarakterisasi dengan XRD dan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi kimia serbuk limbah batu akik dengan XRF diperoleh Si 35,6 % dan kandungan terbesar adalah Ca yaitu 54,3 %. Silika gel hasil sintesis memiliki kemurnian adalah SiO2 99,1 % dan Si 97,6 %. Hasil karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan silika gel hasil sintesis berbentuk fasa amorf dan hasil karakterisasi gugus fungsi dengan FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus fungsi siloksan dan silanol. Kata kunci: Sintesis, silika gel dan karakterisasi.
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