Introduction: Survival after sudden cardiac arrest depends upon early intervention, quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and time of defibrillation. So, it is very important that at least the medical personnel know about Basic Life Support (BLS) as they are frequently facing the life threatening situations. Objective: To assess the level of awareness regarding adult basic life support among graduates in a medical college of Kathmandu. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted after ethical approval in Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from April to September 2018 among 150 medical and dental graduates including interns and dental/medical officers. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their awareness regarding Adult BLS. Data were entered and analysed in Microsoft Excel Sheet. Mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage were calculated. Results: Most of the graduates surveyed (122, 81.3%) had heard about Adult BLS and felt the need to know about it (142, 94.7%). They felt the necessity including BLS training as a part of medical curriculum (144, 96%). Some of them (58, 38.7%) had seen BLS being done. However, very few (2, 1.3%) had actually done BLS on a patient. Some (54, 36%) had attended workshop on BLS. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that although most of the medical and dental graduates felt the need, very few had attended workshop for BLS. The BLS training should be included in the medical curriculum so that the graduates would be able to effectively manage the life-threatening emergencies.

Background: The intensity of aggression present in any person determines his/her threat to conduct violent and impulsive act against members of the society or else family, friends or foes, which necessitates a crucial analytical instrument for identification of such behaviour in smaller groups of societies. Objectives: To assess a group of medical students from Kathmandu, Nepal for potential risk they bear to conduct violence in future medical practice. Methodology: A self-administered pre-validated Bush and Perry Aggression Questionnaire was used in this descriptive cross-sectional study to analyse emotional and cognitive component among 235 medical students of Nepal between February and May 2019. A Likert-type bipolar scale was used for response format ranging from one (extremely uncharacteristic) to five (extremely characteristic). Questionnaire explored four factors: physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Mean scores of aggression were computed and compared with gender and level of education by conducting independent t-test with level of significance at 0.05. Results: The mean scores were 20.73± 6.33, 13.97± 3.87, 18.79± 5.20 and 20.17±6.68, for physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility respectively. Males had higher score of physical aggression statistically significant at p<0.05. The mean Bush and Aggression Perry Questionnaire score was calculated to be 71.66± 15.71, but insignificant (p>0.05) when compared between sexes, and level of education (second semester and seventh semester students). Conclusion: Male medical students were more prone to hostility and physical aggression than female students who were more liable (statistically insignificant) to verbal aggression and anger.

A bullet which has been lodged in the body encapsulated by dense fibrous tissue for a long time without causing ill effects is a souvenir bullet. The bullet cartridge is divided into 3 parts: bullet, cartridge case holding bullet with gun powder and detonator at the base. Medicolegal consultation was done with Forensic Medicine Department where cartridge case acted as projectile and accidentally got embedded into the chest of the victim. In an attempt of making an ornament from the casing of bullet which was separated from bullet mechanically and gunpowder was partially removed from the bullet case. When he heated the bullet case to melt and mould, the remaining gun powder ignited with release of large amount of gas which resulted in forceful propulsion and acted as the projectile. An oval penetrating keyhole appearance injury measuring 2 cm x 1.5 cm was present on left side of the chest of the victim. The projectile was found just above the 6th rib and was confined within inter-costal muscle. Although late complications may arise from the metallic toxicity from the bullet case showing manifestations like abdominal pain, anorexia, chronic renal failure, abdominal pain, osteomyelitis, and fistula formation in bones, the projectile was left within the body as a souvenir to be intervened in case complications arise during follow-ups, as manipulating it could cause unanticipated therapeutic complications.

Background: Poisoning is one of the most common causes of increased morbidity and mortality worldwide and also one of the common causes of Emergency Department visits. It has now become a major public health issue.  Objectives: To assess the poisoning survivor cases and various associated parameters like most common poison, the circumstance of poisoning, age and gender distribution, and triggering factors. Methods: A retrospective study was done in 94 cases of poisoning, from whom reliable history could be obtained, admitted to Kathmandu Medical College, over the period of 12 months, from April 2019 to March 2020. After obtaining ethical clearance secondary data were collected from the medicolegal examination reports. The data were entered and analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v.18. Results: Majority of the victims were females (9, 62.8%), mostly homemakers (31, 33%). The mean age of the population was 30.35 ± 13.48 years and median age 26 years. Organophosphorus was the most frequent agent (44, 46.8%). The commonest triggering factor was a quarrel with family members (56, 65.1%) and in most cases the agent was already present in their home. The act of poisoning was impulsive in these cases.  Conclusion: In this study, the most common agent causing poisoning was still organophosphorus which was already present in their homes. Most poisoning cases were intentional. Females especially homemakers were the most common victims. Cases of poisoning can be reduced if the authorities properly monitor the buying and selling of these common agents of poisoning.