Objective: To assess the attitudes of psychiatric patients towards electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as a treatment modality. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January, 2017 to 15th April, 2018 in Department of Psychiatry, MTI, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. It comprised of total 154 patients, having previous experience with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) who were selected through a non-probability consecutive sampling. Their attitude was assessed by their responses to 15 questions on a Likert Scale, each question scoring 01-05 with a summed up cut-off score of 45 points. Score over 45 points is considered positive and below 45 as negative while those scoring exactly 45 points were considered as having Ambivalent attitude towards ECT. Results: Of all, 73% patients revealed positive and 27% negative attitude towards ECT. Mean age of the sample was 35 years. Out of all patients, 67.5% were males & 32.5% females, 73% were married & 27% unmarried, 47% were illiterate & 53% variably educated, 43% were employed while 57% were unemployed. Conclusion: A significant majority of the patients accepted ECT as an effective treatment modality. However, to make the procedure more acceptable, it may be made more effective and safe to the expectations of the patients and medical professionals for better outcomes. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1637 How to cite this:Khan G, Nazar Z, Ul-Haq MM, Hussain MI. Assessment of attitudes of patients with psychiatric disorders regarding electroconvulsive therapy as a treatment option. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1637 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Children or adolescent trauma experience has already been linked to a number of detrimental mental health consequences, such as psychotic experiences, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and psychosis.Our study aimed to determine the link between repeated exposures to childhood trauma (CT) and adult mental and functioning consequences. By using two - a stage sample strategy, 820 individuals were chosen from age categories of kids, 10, 13, and 15 years old, from a population of about 3,670 kids. A maximum of 2981 evaluations were done upon that 820 kids up to the age of 16 (1647 observations of 820 people), as well as at the ages of 18, 23, 26, and 29 (1334 observations of 736 people). Data were collected through an interview for the evaluation of all consequences, with the exception of those mentioned (such as formal criminal histories). Of the 820 participants in the research, 436 (53.18%) were female and 384 (46.82%) were male. By the age of 16, 29.3% of kids (n = 241) had had one traumatic incident, 23.0% (n = 189) had experienced two, and 21.46% (n = 176) had experienced three or maybe more. The Odds Ratio (OR) for every disease seemed to be 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.3; and exposure to accumulated CT until the age of 16 was linked to a higher prevalence of adult psychiatric conditions and worse outcome measures, such as major results that show a markedly interrupted development into adulthood. Despite controlling for a wide variety of children contributing.

People with epilepsy often have between 30 and 50% of their patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. The major neurological comorbidities linked with epilepsy, such as migraine, dementia, traumatic brain injury, and autism spectrum disorder, have relative effects on some of the psychiatric disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders. The current research objective was to report the usage of pharmacologic drugs in the treatment of a neuropsychiatric disorder in epilepsy. A total of 630 patients of different aged groups (9-18 years, between 19-64 years and Elderly > 65 years) were included in our research. The study was carried out at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from September 2021 to Jan 2022. Epilepsy patients in rural areas had a substantially lower incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders than those in urban areas, and most of the patients were men. The most often used Anti epilepsy drugs (AEDs) for treating epilepsy were lamotrigine, valproate, and levetiracetam, which were used by 50% of participants. Carbamazepine was only used by adults and was least frequently utilized by older people. In order to effectively manage neuro-psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy, it is important to consider both possible iatrogenic and therapeutic consequences.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent disease that patients report within primary care and contributes approximately 14% - 51% of fresh patients to gastrointestinal centres while inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is among the crippling persistent gastrointestinal disorders that considerably negatively affect a participant's physical, psychological, family, and social aspects. The objective of our research was to compare the effects of IBD and IBS in two groups of outpatients. The study was carried out at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from September 2021 to Jan 2022. All outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of IBS (n=49) and IBD (n=27) were requested to participate in the study. 87.76% of patients (n=43) with irritable bowel syndrome and 18.51% of patients (n=5) with inflammatory bowel disease had at least one of these lifetime diagnoses. 24.48%, 22.44%, and 22.44% of the subjects had lifetime diagnoses of major depression (n = 12), panic (n = 11), or somatization disorder (n = 11). 73.5% of the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (n=36) had a history of panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, phobia, major depression, somatization disorder, or a combination of these illnesses before the beginning of their gastrointestinal symptoms. Compared to patients with IBD individuals with IBS had greater sensitivity to modest physical symptoms, more psychological discomfort, and a higher lifetime frequency of mental illnesses.

Background: Psychiatric disorders are the major causes of disability worldwide. Due to cultural differences, the patterns of mental disorders vary globally and there is need to study the patterns of psychiatric disorders in our region. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to know the pattern of various psychiatric morbidities as well as socio demographic characteristics of patients attending out-patient department (OPD) at Iftikhar Psychiatric Hospital, Peshawar. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Iftikhar Psychiatric Hospital, Peshawar from 1st June 2020 to 31st January 2021. During this period, a total of 150 patients were recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected for variables like gender, age, marital status, urban/rural background, employment status and psychiatric diagnosis. For the variables of continuous type like age, mean and standard deviation were calculated. Diagnosis was made using ICD-10 diagnostic classification system. All the variables were presented as frequencies and %ages. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Conclusion: Male predominance was observed in the study. Maximum numbers of psychiatric patients were in the age range from 18-40 years. Majority of the study participants were married, employed and belonged to urban background Regarding psychiatric morbidities, the most common were neurotic, stress related and somatoform disorders (38%) followed by mood disorders (28.66 %)., schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (17.33%) and substance misuse disorders (10%). Keywords: ICD-10; Psychiatric morbidity; out-patient department