Context: Vitamin D deficiency has been combined with fatigue, headache, musculoskeletal pain, weakness, as well as depression. Fatigue is a popular complain among nurses due to working on difficult settings, Low serum vitamin D is more prevalent among obese people; increase of BMI which lead to diminish nurses` self-confidence and feeling of failure. Nurses, who feel fatigue, increase BMI could not be good caregivers to the patients. Aim: the study aimed to examine influence of vitamin D level on self-perceived fatigue, Body Mass Index, and health related quality of life among female nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 female nurses working in the main university hospital, Alexandria University and El-Kaser El-Any Obstetric hospital, Cairo University. Four tools were used for data collection. Tool I: a Structured interview questionnaire, to assess socio-demographic characteristics; Tool II: assessment of two parts: Body mass Index calculation and 25hydroxyvitamin D to determine level of serum vitamin D; tool III: SF-12 to measure general health status and well-being; and tool IV: Fatigue assessment scale was used to assess the perceived fatigue level among female nurses.Results: the highest percent of nurses in both Alexandria and Cairo nurses had insufficiency level of 25-OHD. A statistically significant inverse correlation between vitamin D level and increase BMI, nurses` self-perceived fatigue level was observed while statistically significant direct correlation was found between vitamin D and quality of life.

Context: Urinary problems are common in females, affecting approximately one-third of adult women. Multiple deliveries Reduced pelvic floor strength affects the bladder function because the bladder does not completely empty, leaving a 'pool' of urine, which can lead to recurrent urinary infection. Kegel exercises are the most widely used method for strengthening muscles in the pelvic floor. Patients can do them at any time, anywhere, while doing other work and without regular visits to hospitals. Aim: The study aims to assess the effects of Kegel Exercises on the recurrence of Lower Urinary Tract Infection in Multiparty. Methods: A convenience sample of 100 patients suffer from recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and (Multiparty) had more than three normal deliveries, assigned randomly and alternatively into two equal groups, 50 in each. The first group (control group) received standard hospital nursing care. The second group (study group) taught Kegel exercises. Outcome measurements included the use of UTI Symptoms Assessment Questionnaire, administered pre and two months post regular Kegel exercises, to assess the severity and bothersome of the most frequently reported symptoms of UTI. Results: Regarding the degree of symptoms for urinary tract infection in the first visit, the majority of patients in both groups had a maximum degree of symptoms. Regarding all symptoms, the patient suffering from frequency, urgency of urination, pain or burning when passing urine, inability to empty the bladder completely, pain or uncomfortable pressure in lower abdomen/pelvic area, low back pain, and blood in urine with a non-statistically significant difference between both groups. On the other hand, in the second visit, there was a statistically significant difference between patients who received hospital care and study group who practice Kegel exercise regarding all symptoms. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the severity of urinary tract infections. Conclusion:  Women with recurrent urinary tract infection symptoms exhibit self-reported cure or improvement of urinary tract infection symptoms after the regular performance of Kegel exercises. Applying educational sessions by nurses is recommended for females after normal delivery and caesarian section delivery.

Background: Reproductive health is an important part of world health and as a part of human rights. It is vital for wellbeing, to prevent morbidity and maintain economic productivity Aim: the study aimed to evaluate the effect of utilization of an electronic mail to reveal the hidden of reproductive health problems among female students at Fayoum university. Design: Quasi-experimental design was utilized. Sampling: A total of 350 female university students comprised in the study sample and were purposively selected, from 16 faculties at Fayoum University. Tool: A web based structure questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. Results: the mean age of students under study were 18.1±1.3 years; 61.7% of the study sample had menstrual disorder; as 80.1 % of them didn't reveal this problem for any one. Also 72% of the sample had symptoms of RTIs and 69.8% of them didn't report this problem also. In addition 12.6% of the sample reported breast problem and 90.0% of them didn't seek treatment or tell anyone. The results also reveal 63.4% of the sample had unsatisfactory knowledge regarding reproductive health. As, 87.1% had unhealthy practices score level regarding items in reproductive health. On the other hand 6% of the sample exposure to sexual harassment and 100% of them didn't discuss this problem with any one. Also, a strong positive correlation was detected between students' total knowledge score level and total practice score level (p<0.001). Conclusion: Majority of the female students at Fayoum University didn't reveal her reproductive health problem for any one. While by electronic email more than half of the female students who had reproductive health problem prefer to express their problem with the researchers, in addition about quarter of female students who had reproductive health problem agree to referral to health care services by the researchers. Recommendations: Develop and evaluate strategies to overcome the factors facing adolescent students to express the reproductive health problem and use reproductive health services.