Liver protective effect of special formulas (1 and 2) was assessed against carbon tetra chloride (CCl 4 ) which induced liver damage in Wister albino rats. The two prepared formulas reduced the changes in body weight and liver weight caused by CCl 4 in rats. The toxicity of CCl 4 is related to loss in body weight and increase in liver weight in rats. The weight ratios of liver to body weight (LW/BW) significantly increased in rats treated with CCl 4 followed by other groups. Formulas 1 and 2 could play an important role in improvement of hematological indices in liver cirrhosis rats. Feeding treated rats on special formulas showed improvement in liver function compared to rats fed on basal diet, reflected by significant reduction of the activity of transaminases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin. There was a significant increase in total protein, albumin and globulin in serum. Significant increase in liver weight in rats treated with CCl 4 . There are no histopathological changes in all groups under study except for group 4 (CCl 4 treated rats fed on basal diet) which orally administrated with CCl 4 and had congestion of central vein and hepatic sinusoids.

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The present study was conducted to explore the nutritive value of Garden Cress Seeds (GCS) and its utilization into products like brioche bread to improve its nutritional quality. Rheological characteristics of two Egyptian wheat flour varieties (Gemmeiza 9 and Seds 12) using Mixolab indices (Chopin+) were done to choice the suitable one for brioche dough. DPPH scavenging activity (%) and total phenols of GCS were determined. Different levels of GCS powder (Zero, 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5%) were added to the chosen wheat flour and examined its impact on chemical composition (moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, CHO by difference & calories). Sensory evaluation, physical properties (water activity, color & freshness properties) and microbiological examination (total count, molds-yeast & Staphylococcus aureus) for the product were done. Results showed that concerning rheological indices, Seds 12 variety had higher dough stability (4.02 min), higher water absorption (58.1%), higher protein quality as C 2 = (0.44 Nm) and higher quality of starch as C 3 = (1.90 Nm). Also, showed the most stable gel in the hot phase (C 4 = 1.72 Nm) and ordering of starch molecules (C 5) = 2.67 Nm when compared with Gemmeiza 9 which recorded (3.03 min, 51.2%) and (0.31, 1.84, 1.62 and 2.45 Nm), respectively. Based on that, it was selected for dough preparation. Adding GCS powder in 1, 2 & 3% percentage to the dough showed good acceptability for brioche bread regarding sensory evaluation. No significant difference was observed either when either the previous concentrations were compared to each other or the control sample. GCS powder contains considerable amounts of protein, fat, ash, fiber and CHO which were 20.68, 26.79, 4.25, 4.25 & 39.49 g/100g, respectively. Also, it contains high amounts from minerals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ca, Mg, P, K & Na). Basically, moisture, protein, fat, ash and minerals contents were increased directly proportional to the level of GCS added in the formulation of brioche. Moreover, brioche bread samples had Ca/P ratio ranged from 1.63 to 1.92 and Na/K ratio 0.04 which close to recommended ratios. It also good source of phenolic compounds, as it contains appreciable amounts from total phenols (44.49 mg/100g as Gallic acid) and its DPPH scavenging activity was 47.10%. According to the microbiological examination, it recommended use high concentrations from GCS in brioche bread (4 and 5%) as they showed antibacterial and antifungal attitude than the low concentrations (1, 2 & 3%); the differences was significant (p<0.05). The obtained results can use easily in the Egyptian Bakery pilot plants to arrive strategic goal of Egyptian government especially, the low cost of brioche bread unit as a functional food.

The availability of foods high in fat and energy dense through fast foods (FF) or taking away restaurants was associated with the poor quality diet. The main aim of the present investigation was directed to assess the proximate composition of FF meals and its nutritional contribution to dietary quality of children as one of the most vulnerable group of population. Two brands of worldwide chain happy meals (beef and chicken burgers were evaluated for the proximate composition, i.e. moisture, protein, total lipids, ash and fiber. Carbohydrates & energy values were calculated. Contribution of these meals was compared with children's daily recommendations. Chemical composition of happy meals showed that, beef burger from second chain recorded the lowest percent of moisture (36.70%) and protein (15.70%). However, the other three meals had close percentages (41.40-42.23%) from moisture, chicken burger from second chain scored the highest percent from protein (19.12%). Although, the percent of fiber (5.63-7.00 %) revealed poor content, all happy meals were considered highly energy dense (565.88-588.36 K.cal).They also had very high percent from fat (40.32-43.76%). Neglected difference was observed between meals from ash contents (1.32-1.85%). Regarding nutrients adequacy, the percentage of energy was covered by the four meals ranging between 30-more than 50% of needs of children from 2-11 years old. Chicken burger from second chain had the lowest

Abstract:The present study aimed to investigate blood heavy metals toxicity for asthmatic children and their nutritional status. One hundred children suffering asthma attending the Al-Galaa Teaching Hospital during winter were enrolled in the study. Data was collected by personal interview with their mothers to fill a special questionnaire sheet (socioeconomic and clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements and 24h dietary recall). Results showed most parents had (10-12 years) of education levels. The majority of fathers were smoking at the same room with their children. All children had high blood levels of lead (B-Pb) and cadmium (B-Cd). Most children were intake less than 50% of DRI from fiber, vitamins (A, D, B 1 and B 2 ) and minerals (K and Mg). There were a negative significant correlation between B-Pb and both Hb and animal protein (r = 0.312 and r = 278, P ˂0.05, respectively). There were a significant correlation between B-Cd and bilirubin (r = -0.381, P ˂0.05). Also, there were adverse significant correlation between plasma K and both urea and creatinine (P ˂0.01). It is concluded preventing heavy metals poisoning in early childhood is an essential component of strategy to improve the health success.