This study aims to determine the influence of grafting and nano-silicon fertilizer on the growth and production of tomatoes (Solanumlycopersicum L.) under salinity conditions. A commercial tomato hybrid (cv. Strain B) was used as a scion and two tomato phenotypes were used as rootstocks: S. pimpinellifolium and Edkawy. The rootstock effect was evaluated by growing plants at two NaCl concentrations plus the control (0, 4000, and 8000 ppm NaCl). Nano-silicon foliar application (0.5 ppm) after 20, 28, and 36 days from transplanting was also used to mitigate salinity stress. Antioxidants, hormones, and proline were evaluated for a better understanding of the physiological changes induced by salinity and grafting. The results showed that grafting either on S. pimpinellifolium or Edkawy combined with nano-silicon application enhanced shoot and root growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality. The Edkawy rootstock was more effective than the S. pimpinellifolium rootstock in terms of counteracting the negative effect of salinity. Higher levels of mineral contents, GA3, ABA, and proline were detected in shoots that were subjected to grafting and nano-silicon application compared to the control treatment. This study indicates that grafting and nano-silicon application hold potential as alternative techniques to mitigate salt stress in commercial tomato cultivars.

Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies heavily rely on biotechnology. Thus, the development and application of bio fertilizers containing beneficial bacteria and algae are a potential technique to improve horticulture crops. To evaluate the effects of bio-fertilizer such as seaweed extract, Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizobium phaseolus vulgaris on promoting the productivity, quality, and storability of two cultivars (Tema and Joty) of snap bean. The experiment was carried out during two summer seasons of 2020 and 2021 at Agricultural Station of Cairo University. There were four treatments in the study: foliar applications of liquid seaweed extract (2 ml/l), soil applications of Azospirillum baselines and Rhizobium phaseolus vulgaris (300 g/acre per microorganism), and a control treatment (water spraying). Pods after harvest from each treatment were stored in polyethylene packages for 21 days at 5 C. The results revealed that foliar application of seaweed achieved vegetative growth (plant height, Number of leave/plant, chlorophyll content, and leaf area) of both cultivars, yield, and pod quality (pod firmness, diameter, and weight) of Joty while, the highest total soluble sugar was recorded for the Tema cultivar in all the tested treatments compared to control treatment. The highest ascorbic content, TSS, general appearance and antioxidant activity were recorded in a foliar application of seaweed extract after 21 day of storage at 5 C. We can summarized that foliar application of seaweed at 2% can be used as a bio stimulant for improving vegetative growth, yield, and storability of snap beans.

This experiment was carried out at Cairo University's Faculty of Agriculture in Giza, Egypt during the 2020 and 2021 seasons in the same location to determine the influence of laser irradiation on the growth, production, chemical content, anatomical structure, and gene expression of dry beans. Two commercial cultivars were used (Tema and Nebraska). The treatments were 5milliwatt power for 30seconds, 5 mill watt power for 120seconds, 20milliwatt power for 30seconds, 20 mill watt power for 120seconds, and control. The result showed that the Tema cultivar combined with 20 mW× 120s enhanced vegetative growth parameters and plant production compared to untreated. The same attributes, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, total sugar, total phenol, and antioxidants were significantly affected with the Tema cultivar and 20 mW×120s. Moreover, the highest values of anatomical characters were recorded by treated plants with laser at (20 mW× 120 s) for midvein thickness, Lamina thickness, dimensions of midvein bundle, the number of rows of xylem as well as the mean diameter of the vessel for both cultivars under study. SCoT-cDNA technique identified fragments ranging from 94 to 1609 bp and produced 23 polymorphic bands (52.91% average of polymorphism) with 13 unique bandsmostlyfrom5 milli watt power for 30s. The maximum value of GTS was %40 % at 20-milliwatt power for 120min, while the minimum value was recorded at 22.5 %at5-milliwatt power for 30s and the control. The results revealed the accuracy and benefits of the SCoT-cDNA technique for determining the changes in gene expression in plants exposed to laser radiation.