Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from wastewater utilizing three nano-magnetic materials (Cu0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4, Cu0.8Zn0.2 Fe2O4, and Cu0.7Zn0.3 Fe2O4) were studied. The nano-magnetic materials were prepared from the Cu Frites powder and then the Cu ions were replaced by Zn ions in three concentrations, these materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which has conformed good crystallinity with spinel structure and particle size in the range (26.5�23.9 nm). Artificial neural networks were applying to model the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on three adsorbents from wastewater. The operating conditions that affect on adsorption process are adsorbent dose (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5) g, pH (3, 7, and 9), and contact time (15, 30, and 45) min. Three Multilayered feed-forward neural networks (3:9:2) were successfully used for modeling of removing heavy metals on three adsorbents. The antimicrobial effectiveness of ferrite substances was studied against two types of bacteria. The three adsorbents showed an excellent removal for Cd (II) ions 100% complete removal on Cu0.9Zn0.1 Fe2O4, Cu0.8Zn0.2 Fe2O4, and it was 95% on Cu0.7Zn0.3 Fe2O4, and less removal for Pb (II) ions on Cu0.9Zn0.1Fe2O4, Cu0.8Zn0.2 Fe2O4 were 78.4% and 78.8%, and 83.4% on Cu0.7Zn0.3 Fe2O4. ANN models show efficient simulation with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.99) for all three adsorbents, Sensitivity Analysis demonstrated that pH, time, and a dose of the adsorbent have a strong impact on the process of removal.The results for antimicrobial effectiveness showed that Cu0.9Zn0.1 Fe2O4 had the most antibacterial properties against two types of bacteria and the S. aureus killing rate was less than the E. coli killing rate of all ferrite composite nanoparticles.

The effect of Nano composite materials (CuFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4) was studied for removal of heavy metals (Cd (II) and Pb (II)) from wastewater by batch adsorption method and explain their effect on the antimicrobial effectiveness on gram positive and negative bacteria. Nano composite materials were characterized by XRD where the result indicates that the average crystallite sizes were around 36.19 nm for ZnFe2O4 and 12.22 nm for CuFe2O4.The effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and type of adsorbents was used to find the optimum condition for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions .The equilibrium adsorption data was good fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the pseudo first-order kinetic model showed the excellent fit in adsorption equilibrium capacity. The best pH used for removal was 7. The good removal reaches at the time 45 min for cadmium and need more time for lead. When increasing dosage of adsorbents, the removal efficiency increases. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit experimental data. Also, antibacterial effects of this nano particles demonstrated the effect of CuFe2O4 NPs on bacteria more than used ZnFe2O4 NPs, and the percentage of bacterial death was increased according to increase the concentration of this materials.

Using new technologies and sustainable methods to obtain safe and clean water is considered one of the most important aims. In this work, almond shells have been used to prepare an activated carbon (AC) filter. Two types of sand filter media were used to simulate slow and rapid sand filters. Samples of raw water from Tigris River were taken, and the following parameters were studied (pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulphate and heavy metals (Iron(Fe), copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn)). Results showed that replacing sand with AC was better in the removal of Fe and Zn, when a slow sand filter was used the removal was 99% for both of them, while the enhancement in the removal seems to be small when the rapid sand filter was used.

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