PURPOSE:To investigate the protective effect of metformin on testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. METHODS:Eighteen adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n=6), as follows: Sham, I/R, and Metformin. 1-hour ischemia was induced by the left testicular artery and vein clipping followed by 7 days of reperfusion. Metformin (100 mg/kg) was administrated orally for 7 days via oral gavage after ischemic period. At the end of trial, the left testis was removed for histological analysis and oxidative stress measurement.RESULTS: I/R reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and testicular Johnsen's scores accompanied by an elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in comparison with the sham group (P < 0.05). Compared to I/R group, metformin restored testicular Johnsen's scores, SOD activity, MDA and MPO levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Metformin has a protective effect against I/R injury on the testis.

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The main purpose of this study was to determine effect of tramadol administration on testis histology and oxidative stress experimental on testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups. The Sham group (A): no medication was employed; abdominal cavity was opened but no ischemia-reperfusion-induced. The ischemia-reperfusion group (B): abdominal cavity was opened, testicular ischemia-reperfusion-induced without pre-medication. Ischemia-reperfusion +20 mg/kg tramadol group (C), animal orally administrated with Tramadol (20 mg/kg) for 1 week prior testicular ischemia-reperfusion. Ischemia-reperfusion +40 mg/kg tramadol group (D) was similar to group C, but the animals received 40 mg/kg tramadol instead of 20 mg/kg. In all experimental groups, animals were exposed to midline laparotomy with occlusion of the infrarenal aortic for 1 h ischemia by 24 h of reperfusion in the left testis. After 24 h, the abdomen was opened, the left testis extracted for histopathological studies. Semen samples from caudal epididymis were collected to determine malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant status. According to the data, testicular ischemia-reperfusion degenerated seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis in animals (P < 0.05). Administration of 40 mg/kg of tramadol protect testicular against ischemia-reperfusion injury (P < 0.05). Administration of 40mg/kg tramadol increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase while diminished malondialdehyde levels in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury (P < 0.05). These results suggest tramadol might be a potent agent in preventing testicular IR injury.

1 8-Experimental SurgeryActa Cir Bras. 2017;32(9):755-766 Abstract Purpose: To determine the effect of folic acid (FA) on experimental testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. The control group received physiologic saline orally. The sham-operated group received physiologic saline orally then exposed to midline laparotomy without clamping the IR. The I/R rats received oral gavage of the saline then subjected to 1h ischemia /24h reperfusion, period. In folic acid (2mg/ kg+IR) rats received oral gavage of the FA (2mg/kg) then subjected to 1h I/24h R. groups 5-6 received FA (5 and 10 mg/kg), then subjected to 1 h I/24 h, respectively. At the end of the study, semen samples were collected for spermatozoa characteristics. The left testis was removed for histological analysis and superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) measurement. Results: Spermatozoa mobility, mortality (%) significantly decreased in I/R group (P<0.05). Dose dependent increase observed on spermatozoa mobility, mortality (%) using different levels of the FA (2, 5 and 10 mg/kg) treated rat (P<0.05). Tissue MDA levels significantly increased in I/R rat (P<0.05) while FA (2, 5 and 10mg/kg) in a dose dependent manner decreased I/R-induced MDA (P<0.05). Experimental I/R significantly decreased SOD and GPx activity (P<0.05). Administration of the FA (2, 5 and 10mg/kg) significantly increased tissue SOD and GPx activity in I/R rat (P<0.05). Seminiferous tubules degenerated and loss of spermatogenesis with few spermatocytes was observed in degenerated testis tubules in I/R rat. Orally administration of the FA (5 and 10 mg/kg) improved testis characteristics with few normal seminiferous tubules and spermatocyte in seminiferous tubules in experimental I/Rinduced rat. Conclusion:The treatment of folic acid had a benefit effect against ischemia-reperfusion.