Background: Language barriers play a critical role in the treatment of migrant and refugee patients. In Germany, primary care interpreters are often not available especially in rural areas or if patients demand spontaneous or urgent consultations. Methods: In order to enable patients and their physicians to communicate effectively about the current illness history, we developed a digital communication assistance tool (DCAT) for 19 different languages and dialects. This paper reports the multidisciplinary process of the conceptual design and the iterative development of this cross-cultural user-centered application in an action-oriented approach. Results: We piloted our app with 36 refugee patients prior to a clinical study and used the results for further development. The acceptance and usability of the app by patients was high. Conclusion: Using digital tools for overcoming language barriers can be a feasible approach when providing health care to foreign-language patients.

Background Providing adequate healthcare to newly arrived refugees is considered one of the significant challenges for the German healthcare system. These refugees can be classified mainly into two groups: asylum seekers (who have applied for asylum after arrival in Germany and are waiting for the refugee-status decision) and resettlement refugees (who have already been granted asylum status before arriving in Germany). Whereas earlier studies have explored the health status of asylum seekers especially in terms of mental and behavioural disorders and infectious diseases without distinguishing between these two groups, our study aims to evaluate possible relationships of asylum status and medical needs of these two groups with a special focus on mental and behavioural disorders and infectious diseases. Methods In this retrospective observational study, collected data on all asylum-seeker and resettlement-refugee patients ( N = 2252) of a German reception centre (August 2017 to August 2018) is analysed by absolute and relative frequencies and medians. Patient data, collected by chart review, include age, gender, country of origin, asylum status, and diagnoses (ICD-10). To describe the relationship between sociodemographic factors (including asylum status) and diagnoses, we used tests of significance and bivariate correlations with Spearman correlation coefficients. All collected data are pseudonymised. Results Of all 2252 patients, 43% were resettlement refugees. In almost all ICD-10 categories, asylum seekers received significantly more diagnoses than resettlement refugees. According to our data, asylum seekers presented with mental and behavioural disorders nine times more often (9%) than resettlement refugees (1%). In the case of infectious diseases, the results are mixed: asylum seekers were twice as frequently (11%) diagnosed with certain infectious and parasitic diseases than resettlement refugees (5%), but resettlement refugees were treated twice as often (22% of the asylum seekers and 41% of the resettlement refugees) for diseases of the respiratory system, of which 84% were acute respiratory infections (in both groups). Conclusion This study indicates that patients with unregulated migration more frequently present symptoms of psychiatric diseases and somatoform symptoms than resettlement refugees. A health policy approach within migration policy should aim to enable persecuted persons to migrate under regulated and safe conditions. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00013076 , retrospectively registered on 29.09.2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13031-019-0223-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

BackgroundLanguage barriers play a decisive role in determining the outcomes of medical consultations between healthcare providers and their foreign patients. This issue is a significant challenge to the German healthcare system, especially with the rising number of refugees in recent years. The communication gap between healthcare professionals and their non-German speaking patients sometimes leads to unnecessary medical re-admission, insufficient medical history, incorrect diagnosis, and treatment plans. In this study, we aim to assess the usability and accuracy of a novel digital translation tool in collecting medical history from patients in their native language and to check its effects on healthcare outcomes.MethodsThe study aims to monitor the implementation of a new digital communication assistance tool (DCAT) and to investigate its impact on the mutual understanding between refugee patients and their German general practitioners (GPs). In the first study phase, an action-oriented approach is used to implement DCAT. In the second study phase, DCAT use will be evaluated with a mixed methods design.The main outcome assesses the re-consultation rates of patients before and after using DCAT. Secondary outcomes include the usability of the tool, its acceptance and perceived quality by patients, the accuracy of the information collected as determined from analysing the reasons for the consultation (ICPC-2 codes), and diagnosis (ICD-10 codes). The acceptance by patients, socio-demographic factors and native language are also taken into account.The research designs for both study phases include questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation and analysis of collected patients’ data.All the collected data is pseudonymised.DiscussionThe DCAT study is one of the new research projects in primary healthcare investigating the usability, accuracy, and acceptance of digital translation tools during medical encounters. We aim to eliminate significant communication errors and misunderstandings in medical consultations, thereby improving the quality of healthcare outcomes. By applying an action research design, we will attain a more comprehensive evaluation of DCAT scopes and limits. The results of this study are expected to give an in-depth understanding of possible applications and benefits of digital translation tools for patient care.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00013076, 29/09/2017.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-3928-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Im Forschungsprojekt DICTUM-Friedland wurde eine Anamnese-App, welche die häufigsten allgemeinmedizinischen Beschwerden und Risikofaktoren in 13 Sprachen bzw. Dialekten erfragt und anschließend eine deutsche Zusammenfassung (Synopse) erzeugt, in einer Erstaufnahmeeinrichtung für Geflüchtete implementiert. Anschließend wurde die Bedienbarkeit und die inhaltliche Plausibilität der App evaluiert um sie für einen Einsatz in einem breiteren allgemeinmedizinischen Setting zu testen und zu optimieren. Methodik Von Mai bis Dezember 2018 wurde die App im Wartezimmer der allgemeinmedizinischen Sprechstunde im Grenzdurchgangslager Friedland in Südniedersachsen getestet. Die Bedienbarkeit der App wurde mithilfe eines kurzen digitalen Fragebogens direkt nach der App-Nutzung erfragt. Soziodemografische Daten wurden z.T. mit demselben Fragebogen erfasst und z.T. aus Patientenunterlagen extrahiert. Die Plausibilität wurde anhand der Übereinstimmung von eingegebenen Beschwerden (ICPC-2) und ärztlicher Diagnose (ICD-10) überprüft. Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurde die App 353 Mal verwendet, wovon 283 Anamneseerhebungen abgeschlossen wurden. Die Eingabe der Beschwerden dauerte im Median 10:27 Minuten. Die Verwendung der Audio-Ausgabe (60% der Nutzenden) beeinflusste die Nutzungsdauer nicht. Größtenteils wurde die App als gut bedienbar (76%) eingeschätzt und 65% der Nutzenden gaben an, ihre wesentlichen Beschwerden eingeben zu können. Beide Einschätzungen waren unabhängig vom Alter und vom Geschlecht der Nutzenden, jedoch hatte der Bildungsstand einen leicht positiven Einfluss auf die Bedienbarkeit. Der Plausibilitätstest ergab, dass 51% (N=144) der Synopsen vollständig und 28% (N=79) der Synopsen teilweise mit den ärztlichen Diagnosen übereinstimmten. Schlussfolgerung Die systematisierte Abfrage häufiger allgemeinmedizinischer Beschwerden ermöglicht eine genauere Anamneseerhebung bei Erkrankten, mit denen ein übliches Anamnesegespräch aufgrund sprachlicher Barrieren nicht möglich ist. Somit dient sie als Unterstützung für das ärztliche Anamnesegespräch. Die App ist leicht bedienbar und im Vergleich zu online verfügbaren maschinellen Übersetzungen nicht anfällig für Übersetzungsfehler.