Aim: This survey analysis investigated indevisuals' knowledge of herbal medications to treat common respiratory viral infections. Methods: A self-administered, structured questionnaire was sent to the public online, including questions on the responders' demographics and questions about different herbal medications and their use to treat viral respiratory infections. Data analysis was executed through the survey SPSS program. Results: Four hundred eighty-six individuals responded to this questionnaire; 89.92% of the responders were from the west area, and 56.49% were in the age group between 18 and 30. The most herbal medications used for respiratory viral infections was honey 364 (78.79%), and lemon juice 327 (71.24%), followed by Ginger 288 (64.43%) and Mint 292 (64.04%%) While the least herbal medicine used was Sambucus nigra 26 (6.09%) and Licorice 26 (6.68%). The most herbal medicine not known among responders was Sambucus nigra 147 (34.43%), Sugarcane 136 (31.48%), and Radish 135 (31.47%%). Herbal medicines usages were significantly higher among males, except for cloves and miswak; their use was significantly higher among females. Retired individuals (p value<0.001), high income (p-value<0.001), non-healthcare professionals (p-value=0.003), age group between 51 to 60 years old (p-value<0.001), married individuals (p-value<0.001) all had higher knowledge level about herbal medications use in viral respiratory infections. The survey's reliability was tested by Mac 0.96, Cronbach 0.958, Gultman 2 0.961, and Gultman 6 0.973. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about herbal medicine use among individuals in Saudi Arabia is inadequate. Awareness of the general public about herbal medications should be improved.

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Objectives: In this study, we aimed to illustrate the practice of pharmacy infection control by pharmacists in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this crosssectional study, we aimed to assess the practice of pharmacy infection control by pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. We used a self-reported electronic survey questionnaire and distributed it to pharmacists from interns to consultants and specialists in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information of the pharmacists and about the implemented pharmacy infection control practices. The practice of pharmacy infection control and pharmacy infection control responsibilities among the types of healthcare professionals. We used 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed with Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel (version 16) software. Results: A total of 435 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, one-quarter belonged to the central region (97 (22.35%)), followed by the northern region (92 (21.2%)), and there were no statistically significant differences between the provinces (p=0.637). Most of the responders were from a community pharmacy (81 (18.62%)), Ministry of Health (MOH) hospital (69 (15.86%)), and military hospitals (49 (11.26%)), with statistically significant differences between working sites (p=0.000). Moreover, 212 (48.96%) were female, while 221 (51.04%) were male, with non-statistically significant among the areas (p=0.665). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (151 (34.87%)) and 36-40 years (101 (23.33%)) with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The average score of the elements related to the implementation of pharmacy infection control practices was 3.07, with high scores obtained for the aspect "the vision of pharmacy infection control" (3.79) and "mission of pharmacy infection control" (3.55). In contrast, the lowest score was obtained for the element "competition in infection control pharmacy" (2.51) and infection control pharmacy and quality management (2.65). The average score for the element implementation of pharmacy infection control practice was 3.47, with high scores obtained for the element "the pharmacist share in infection control committee" (4.37) and "the pharmacist was always a staff member of infection control or pharmacy departments" 3.84. In contrast, the lowest score was obtained for the element attending several courses or workshops about pharmacy infection control (3.17). The scores for the single-test reliability analysis of McDonald's ω was 922, Cronbach's α was0.919, Gutmann's λ2 was 0.930, Gutmann's λ6 was 0.973, and Greater Lower Bound was 0.990. Conclusion: In this study, pharmacists' practice of pharmacy infection control was found to be inadequate in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, implementing infection control in pharmacy practice is required to prevent drug-...

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to explore the perception of pharmacists about pharmacy infection control in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: In this crosssectional study, we aimed to explore the perception of pharmacists about pharmacy infection control in Saudi Arabia. We used a self-reported electronic questionnaire and distributed it to pharmacists from interns to consultants and specialists in Saudi Arabia. The survey collected demographic information of the responders and their perception of pharmacy infection control. In addition, we analyzed the barriers that prevent the implementation of pharmacy infection control in pharmacy practice. We used a 5-point Likert response scale system with close-ended questions to obtain responses. The data were collected through the Survey Monkey system and analyzed with the use of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), Jeffery's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP), and Microsoft Excel (version 16) software. Results: A total of 435 pharmacists responded to the questionnaire. Of them, 212 (48.96%) were female, and 221 (51.04%) were male responders, and there was no statistically significant difference between them (p=0.665). Most of the responders were in the age group of 24-30 years (151 (34.87%)) and 36-40 years (101 (23.33%)), with statistically significant differences between all age groups (p=0.000). The majority of responders held Bachelor in Pharmacy degree (281 (64.75%)) and Master in Pharmacy degree (94 (21.66%)), and Diploma in Pharmacy (90 (20.74%)). The average score of physician perceptions of pharmacy infection control was 3.47. Furthermore, high scores were obtained for the element "the system in my healthcare institution including policies and procedures related to pharmacy infection control is good at minimizing the occurrence of infection-related problems inside or outside pharmacy" (3.96) and "the pharmacy infection control implementation has led to positive changes for patients and healthcare institution" (3.83). The average score for the element "perceptions of barriers that prevent you from implementing pharmacy infection control" was 3.39. In addition, high scores were obtained for the elements "Level of clinical knowledge of pharmacy infection control" (4.10) and "Uncertain association between the pharmacy infection control and the drug-related infection" (3.65). The scores for single-test reliability analysis for McDonald's ω was 0.838, Cronbach's α was0.837, Gutmann's λ2 was 0.849, Gutmann's λ6 was 0.910, and Greater Lower Bound was 0.960. Conclusion: The perception of pharmacy infection control in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was found to be satisfactory. Therefore, we need to implement and provide periodic education and training in pharmacy infection control in Saudi Arabia to improve the perception.

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