Bimodal synergistic therapy produces superadditive effect for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, how to efficiently and simultaneously deliver several kinds of therapeutic agents is still challenging. A cancer cell membrane‐derived nanocarrier (mCas9‐sGNRs) is proposed for synergistic photothermal/gene therapy (PTT/GT) by efficient delivery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) and gold nanorods (GNRs). In this approach, Cas9 proteins can be efficiently loaded inside the cell membranes (mCas9) by electrostatic interactions. Similarly, single‐guide RNAs, which target survivin, can be loaded onto GNRs (sGNRs) through electrostatic interactions and encapsulated by mCas9. As a result, the nanodelivery systems present advantages in biocompatibility, homologous targeting capacity and loading efficiency of cargoes. In addition, significant antitumor effects is achieved by gene editing of survivin which induces anticancer activity and reduces heat tolerance of cancer cells caused by GNRs mediated PTT due to the downregulation of HSP70. These results indicate the nanotherapeutic platform leads to enhanced PTT/GT efficacy. Therefore, this work not only provides a general strategy to construct a versatile nanoplatform for loading and target delivery of several therapeutic cargos but will also be valuable for PTT/GT and other bimodal synergistic therapy.

Purpose: The relation between stock market volatility and macroeconomic fundamentals for G-7 countries is analyzed using monthly data over the period from July 1985 to June 2015.Methodology: The empirical methodology is based on two steps: in the first step, we obtain the conditional volatilities of stock market returns and macroeconomic variables through the GARCH family of models. We also incorporate the impact of early 2000s dotcom and the global financial crises. In the second step, we estimate multivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) model to analyze the dynamic relation between stock markets return and macroeconomic variables.Findings: The overall results for G-7 countries indicate a weak volatility transmission from macroeconomic factors to stock market volatility at individual level but the collective impact of volatility transmission is highly significant. Although, the results of block exogeneity indicate a bidirectional causality except for the UK, but the causal linkage is quite weak from stock market to macroeconomic variables. Moreover, the local financial variables excluding interest rate are closely integrated, and the volatility of industrial production growth and oil price are identified as the most significant macroeconomic factors that could possibly influence the directions of stock markets.Originality: This research establishes the nature of the links between stock market and macroeconomic volatility. Research to date has been unable to satisfactorily establish the empirical nature of such links. We believe this paper begins to do this.

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