According to social exchange theory, the motivation for organizational citizenship behavior can be understood with the help of the frameworks of obligation to reciprocate and expected reciprocity. This study predicts that the true motivation for organizational citizenship behavior could be differentiated conditional on the career plateau. These relationships predict the existence of a U-shaped nonlinear relationship between the career plateau and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition to exploring this relationship, the study attempted to discover the effect of organizational commitment and job involvement on the relationship. As a result, a U-shaped curvilinear relationship is applied between career plateau and four dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior except civic virtue. Commitment and involvement show unexpected moderating effects on those curved relationships.

As positive nontask behavior, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is a well-known concept that has been investigated by numerous studies. However, weakness in the research stream is viewing this concept from the perspective of the actor. In this study, OCB is considered as a social activity that assists actors’ survival in their organizations, and how OCB affects ostracism that effectively reflects belonging in the organization is investigated. Moreover, to identify the relationship in detail, three different independent variables are used, including OCB, OCB aggregate gap, and OCB profile similarity, using social exchange theory and similarity attraction theory. The analysis is conducted using samples from 210 employees who work for Korean companies. The results indicate that OCB profile similarity has a stronger effect on reducing ostracism than the absolute level of OCB and the OCB aggregate gap.

PurposeMost existing studies treat the relationship between experienced incivility and behavioral responses as linear. However, the current study examines the curvilinear relationships between experienced incivility and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and instigated incivility using conservation of resources (COR) theory and by referring to related studies that have identified typical positive and negative employee nontask behaviors. Furthermore, this study identifies turnover intention as a moderator of these curvilinear relationships.Design/methodology/approachAll samples were obtained from respondents working for Korean companies listed on the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (KOSDAQ); 228 samples were used for the analysis. A quadratic regression function was established to analyze the curved relationships according to hierarchical stages.FindingsOur analysis determined that a U-shaped curvilinear relationship exists between experienced incivility and OCB, and an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship exists between experienced and instigated incivility. However, the moderating effect of turnover intention is significant only in the relationship between experienced and instigated incivility.Originality/valueThis study exhibits three points of originality—first, by simultaneously considering two dependent variables as responses to experienced incivility and examining their response patterns; second, by using a curvilinear relationship model to investigate the relationship between experienced incivility and its dependent variables; and finally, by finding a moderator to the curved relationship.

There is renewed interest in the use of sandwich construction, especially for future large transport aircraft. The design and manufacture of these aircraft will require extensive experimental evaluation, which consists of the verification of the design before going to production. This step, the experimental verification, requires the production and testing of large components and prototypes, which is very expensive and time consuming. Use of similitude theory to establish similarity among structural systems can reduce the time and expense by testing small-scale models and use their data to predict the behavior of large prototypes. This paper deals with the derivation of similarity conditions (scaling laws) for shell-like sandwich configurations. These conditions are needed to (a) design the small-scale models and (b) predict the behavior of the large prototype by employing the test data of the small-scale model and the scaling laws. The basis of the derivation of the scaling laws is that both systems are analytically governed by the same equations. Through the use of scale factors (prototype/model parameters) one can find the conditions under which the two systems of governing equations become identical. Both the symbolic code “MAPLE” and the long hand manipulation of equations were used in the derivation of the similarity conditions. Details of the use of the symbolic code are not given, herein.