This is the first work to introduce the use of blockchain technology for the electronic traceability of wood from standing tree to final user. Infotracing integrates the information related to the product quality with those related to the traceability [physical and digital documents (Radio Frequency IDentification—RFID—architecture)] within an online information system whose steps (transactions) can be made safe to evidence of alteration through the blockchain. This is a decentralized and distributed ledger that keeps records of digital transactions in such a way that makes them accessible and visible to multiple participants in a network while keeping them secure without the need of a centralized certification organism. This work implements a blockchain architecture within the wood chain electronic traceability. The infotracing system is based on RFID sensors and open source technology. The entire forest wood supply chain was simulated from standing trees to the final product passing through tree cutting and sawmill process. Different kinds of Internet of Things (IoT) open source devices and tags were used, and a specific app aiming the forest operations was engineered to collect and store in a centralized database information (e.g., species, date, position, dendrometric and commercial information).
Negli anni 2012-16 la Commissione tecnico-scientifica del Segretariato della Presidenza della RepubblicaItaliana ha promosso un progetto di ricerca finalizzato alla realizzazione con metodi innovativi dell'inventario forestale e del piano pluriennale di gestione selvicolturale della Foresta Presidenziale di Castelporziano, situata nella omonima Tenuta tra Roma e il litorale laziale ed estesa su circa 5000 ettari. Lo studio, basato su un vasto impiego di metodi e dati ALS-LiDAR, ha portato all'allestimento del nuovo Sistema informativo forestale (inventariale e selvicolturale) della Tenuta, denominato SIFTeC, a supporto della conoscenza e gestione del patrimonio mediante sistemi totalmente informatizzati disponibili anche in tempo reale in campo su terminali smartphone e tablet. Parole chiave: LiDAR; mobile/web-GIS, campionamento relascopico; assestamento forestale; ripresa su base selvicolturale. -L'approccio LiDAR/GIS per la realizzazione dell'inventario forestale e del piano selvicolturale della Foresta Presidenziale di Castelporziano. L'Italia Forestale e Montana, 74 (6): 341-356.
Precision irrigation represents those strategies aiming to feed the plant needs following the soil’s spatial and temporal characteristics. Such a differential irrigation requires a different approach and equipment with regard to conventional irrigation to reduce the environmental impact and the resources use while maximizing the production and thus profitability. This study described the development of an open source soil moisture LoRa (long-range) device and analysis of the data collected and updated directly in the field (i.e., weather station and ground sensor). The work produced adaptive supervised predictive models to optimize the management of agricultural precision irrigation practices and for an effective calibration of other agronomic interventions. These approaches are defined as adaptive because they self-learn with the acquisition of new data, updating the on-the-go model over time. The location chosen for the experimental setup is a cultivated area in the municipality of Tenna (Trentino, Alto Adige region, Italy), and the experiment was conducted on two different apple varieties during summer 2019. The adaptative partial least squares time-lag time-series modeling, in operative field conditions, was a posteriori applied in the consortium for 78 days during the dry season, producing total savings of 255 mm of irrigated water and 44,000 kW of electricity, equal to 10.82%.
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