The easy implementation of ecologically-sound remediation measures for the prompt stabilisation of burned areas may be crucial in Mediterranean forest environments. Manual in situ contour redirection of burned felled logs could aid in soil erosion control and facilitate forest self-regeneration. In this study, a plot-scale runoff/sediment yield survey was conducted in Calabria, Italy, within a Mediterranean pine forest that was affected by an extreme wildfire spanning over 15,000 hectares in the summer of 2021. The hydrological response to 24 rainfall events was analysed after one year of monitoring using nine Wischmeier and Smith 20% sloping plots, which were distributed into three plot-blocks representing different conditions (forested, burned with randomly directed fallen logs, and burned with fallen logs manually redirected along contour lines). The post-fire condition (with felled logs in random positions) exhibited a consistent overall increase (approximately four times) in runoff and sediment yield compared to the pre-fire situation. This degradation effect was mitigated by approximately 30% through the manual redirection of burned logs, which promoted early (three to five weeks) vegetation regeneration (including tree emergence) and enhanced coverage as vegetation spread from the log positions. The results obtained so far provide encouraging insights and warrant further research on steeper slopes and complementary aspects (regulatory, biological, mechanical, economic, etc.).

This paper deals with the estimation of set-up due to irregular waves. Following the logic of Barbaro and Martino [1], it is derived the analytical expression of the set-up. The solution is based on the hypotheses of straight, parallel depth contours and constant average flow parameters in the longshore direction. In this context, the corresponding value of the set-up is calculated from a specified off-shore directional spectrum. The effect of the assumed directional spectrum is investigated. In particular, set-up is estimated by considering the following frequency spectra: Pierson-Moskowitz [2], JONSWAP [3] and Ochi-Hubble [4]. Further, influence of the spreading function is investigated by assuming a cosine-power [5] and a hyperbolic spreading function [6]. It is shown that the assumed off-shore spectrum significantly modifies the estimated set-up. It is proposed a practical application. The estimation has been carried out by considering various Italian and American locations. The model is applied from buoy data, that are provided by ISPRA (Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale) and by NDBC (National Data Buoy Center).

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