Adaptation to climate change means adjustment of human and natural systems to climatic actual or expected events, in order to minimize damage or maximize benefit. Adaptation implies involvement, coordination, and cooperation of different actors and sectors. Multi-actor collaboration usually characterizes the drafting of regional plans, which act as bridges between national and local administrative levels. Regional administrations address resilience issues, through spatial planning processes. This study focuses on the regional plans adopted by the Autonomous Region of Sardinia (Italy), south European Mediterranean region, an area that will be negatively affected by climate change in the coming decades. We aim at proposing a method for scrutinizing regional plans related to spatial planning issues, by using criteria rooted in the scientific literature and adaptation strategies. We found out that (i) the scientific literature did not sufficiently address the role of regional plans in the context of adaptation to climate change and (ii) the method proposed and applied in this study highlights whether some key adaptation issues are included in the plans, and might make aware planners and policy makers of basic information concerning the interplay ‘regional planning vs. adaptation to climate change’.

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Paramount to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the effective tackling of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) is the cooperation and coordination of the different levels of government—i.e. the supranational, national and local levels. This is due to the very nature of the SDGs, which are multi-dimensional and intended to guide and boost sustainable development at multiple scales. The European Union (EU) demonstrated a full commitment to the Agenda, making sustainable development a top priority. In fact, the five strategic objectives of the EU are modelled on the principles of the 2030 Agenda and the Cohesion Policy, EU’s most transversal policy, is designed to give a direct contribution to the tackling of the 17 SDGs. Introducing a new methodology to evaluate the sustainability of operational programmes co-financed by the EU, the following paper aims to contribute to the building literature around the question of monitoring public investments regarding sustainability criteria. By matching the 169 targets of the 2030 Agenda with the 143 intervention fields of the Cohesion Policy, with specific reference to Sardinia’s European Regional Development Fund and European Social Fund 2014–2020 Regional Operational Programmes, the present work introduces the key features of the model developed and its first results. The model could be of valuable support to policymakers who now have an innovative tool to monitor investments’ coherence with the sustainability standards of the 2030 Agenda.

The 2030 Agenda has been adopted on a global level, but its implementation must also take place at the local level (Cavalli, 2018). The integration between the different levels of government-supranational, national and local-is essential; they must necessarily cooperate and coordinate their actions to ensure the effective implementation of every Goal of the Agenda. It is evident that the European Union, with its Member States, is fully committed towards the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and its SDGs (Sanna et al., 2019). In particular, the concept of sustainable development, clearly stated in the five Strategic Objectives, is also expressed in future operational programmes in the context of Cohesion Policy. The latter is one of the most transversal policies of the European Union, including not only economic cohesion but also the social and territorial ones, and "contributes to most, if not all 17 SDGs" (European Commission, 2019). This paper proposes a methodology that evaluates the sustainability of the operational programmes co-financed by the Union with reference to the 169 targets of the 2030 Agenda and it is based specifically on the 143 intervention fields. The developed methodology can be used as a decision support tool for the European Union itself as a means of monitoring expenditure with reference to the 2030 Agenda in the various European Cohesion Policies.

The special series addressing UN Sustainable Development Goals highlights "Environmental Management Practices Inspired by SDGs" and aims to call attention to practices, ideas, and thought leaders contributing to sustainability in all facets of the global economy. The 2020s are a transformative decade for human interaction with the environment, largely inspired by the United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Scientific research and environmental management practices lead the way to sustainability, and several SDGs aim to reduce our environmental footprint and preserve, protect, and restore ecological health.