ighty growing buffalo calves, 14-16 months old, with an average weight of 202 kg, were divided, randomly, into four equal experimental groups, (20 calves each), and used to investigate the effect of replacing 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of soybean and yellow corn by dried distiller's grains with soluble (DDGS) in total mixed rations (TMR) (1,2,3 and 4, respectively). The experimental diets were nearly similar in crude protein (CP) (iso-nitrogenous) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) (iso-caloric). All animals were fed daily 3% of live body weight and the trial lasted for 180 days. Metabolism trials were carried out on three mature rams for each TMR to estimate nutrient digestibilities, nutritive values and nitrogen balance. The economic efficiency was also calculated. Significantly lower values of live body weight and daily gain were recorded for calves fed the control diet (TMRI). Significantly best values were achieved by calves fed the 30% followed by 20% dietary DDGS instead of soybean meal and yellow corn. Results of digestibility trials indicated that rams fed the control diet (TMRI) had significantly (P<0.05) lower digestibility coefficients, nutritive values and nitrogen utilization compared with other diets. No significant differences were observed (P<0.05) among the experimental groups in ruminal pH and the obtained values were within the normal ranges (6.70-6.84). Ammonia-N concentration was greater in control diet but, there was a linear decrease in ammonia-N concentration as the level of DDGS increased in the diets. Supplemented rations with DDGS showed significant increase in the level of TVFA's. Increasing level of DDGS in diets of calves' increased TP concentrations, being the lowest in TMRI (control), while albumin and globulin recorded insignificant differences among all diets. The values of AST were higher significantly (P<0.05) in rations containing DDGS than that of control. Values of serum-creatinine and cholesterol were not affected by dietary treatments. Blood parameters studied indicated normal physiological and healthy status of all experimental calves. Total body gain and daily gain were increased quadratically (P<0.05) with increasing DDGS replacement. Calves fed diets containing 20% or 30% DDGS recorded the best feed conversion values followed by 20% DDGS. It may be concluded that inclusion of DDGS with a rate of 30% from soybean meal and yellow corn in buffalo calves diet result in better net revenue, economical efficiency and feed cost per kg daily gain.

The present study was conducted to compare between protected and non-protected lactic acid on growth performance, feed utilization, some hematological parameters and carcass proximate analysis in Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus). Three iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet contained (37.5% ± 0.97) crude protein (4427 cal/g ± 39) Gross Energy (GE) were formulated. The supplemented diet with 0.2% non-protected lactic acid (T1), 0.2 % protected lactic acid (T2) and diet with no additive (T3) were fed individually to three equal fish groups (25 fish/set up with an underlying body weight of 5.42 ± 0.07g) for 90 days. At the end of the feeding trial, O. niloticus offered the control diet exhibited lower growth and feed utilization rates than protected and non-protected lactic acid. Fish fed the diet T2 showed the highest final body weight (FBW), final weight gain (FWG), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI) and survival rate (SR). Fish fed a diet (T2) showed improvement in the tested blood parameters compared to the control group. The present observations suggest that supplementation of lactic acid into the fish diet can be used as an acidifier for growth promoting purpose. In addition, protected lactic acid has a significant effect compared to the non-protected one.

he present study was performed to investigate the influence of feeding diets contained three levels of yellow corn (YC) without or with enzymes and/or prebiotics on the nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of growing New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. A feeding trial (3x4) with factorial arrangement of treatment was carried out. The chemical analyses for experimental diets and faces and blood constituents were run. One hundred and eight, 6 weeks old weaning NZW rabbits were used in this study. Rabbits were randomly distributed into 12 equal experimental groups; each contained three equal replicates. The digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE), nitrogen free extract (NFE), non-ditrgant fiber (NDF), ADF and hemicellulose were increased with feeding on 15 % YC diets than those of rabbits fed on 5 % or 10 % YC rations, but there was no significant effect of dietary treatments on DMI and CP digestibility. Rabbits fed enzyme-supplemented diets displayed significantly lower DM, OM, CF, EE, NFE, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose than those of other dietary treatments. There was no significant effect of these supplements on DMI (g/d) and CP digestibility, compared with the control diet (without supplements). The digestible DCP (%), TDN% and DEI (kcal/d) were significantly higher (P≤0.05) for animals fed diets containing 15 % YC than feeding on 5 or 10 % YC diets, while there were no significant effect on TDNI (g/d), CPI (g/d) and DEI (kcal/d). Rabbits fed the enzyme-supplemented diets exhibited significantly lower TDN (%) and DE (kcal/kg) than did those fed other experimental diets. Similarly, significantly lower means of DEI (kcal/d) were recorded by rabbits fed enzyme-or enzyme plus prebiotics-supplemented diets compared with other experimental groups of rabbits, but DCP % and CPI (g/d) were not affected. The plasma levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly lower for rabbits fed diets with 10 % or 15 % YC than those of rabbits fed the lowest level of YC,, while there was no significant effect on ALT, AST, total protein or urea concentration. Rabbits fed the diets fortified with enzymes plus prebiotics exhibited significantly lower (P≤0.05) levels of plasma urea and triglycerides and significantly higher cholesterol concentration than did the control group. In conclusion, using YC to partially replace wheat bran in growing rabbits diets had no negative effect on the nutritive value of diets. The nutritive value of the experimental diets for growing rabbits could increase by supplementing enzymes plus prebiotics. The present study showed that feeding growing rabbits on diets contained 10 % YC without supplements or feeding on diets contained 15 % YC with enzymes and prebiotics are effective for nutrient digestibility, nutritive value and health status of rabbits.

Background The health-promoting effects along with global economic importance of consuming food products supplemented with probiotic microorganisms encouraged the researchers to discover new probiotics. Results Fourteen lactic acid bacterial isolates were identified as Enterococcus mediterraneensis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Streptococcus lutetiensis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and in vitro characterized for their actual probiotic potential. All E. mediterraneensis isolates were resistant to clindamycin, whereas Lb. fermentum isolates were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin, and vancomycin. The E. mediterraneensis and Lb. fermentum isolates displayed high overall digestive survival, ranged from 1.35 ± 0.06 to 32.73 ± 0.84% and from 2.01 ± 0.01 to 23.9 ± 1.85%, respectively. All isolates displayed cell surface hydrophobicity, ranged between 15.44 ± 6.72 and 39.79 ± 2.87%. The strongest auto-aggregation capability, higher than 40%, was observed for most E. mediterraneensis and Lb. fermentum isolates. The E. mediterraneensis isolates (L2, L12, and L15), Lb. fermentum (L8, L9, and L10), and Strep. lutetiensis (L14) exhibited the greatest co-aggregation with Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. Fifty-seven and fourteen hundredth percent of E. mediterraneensis isolates could be considered bacteriocinogenic against E. coli O157:H7, B. cereus, and S. aureus. Conclusion This study is the first one to isolate Enterococcus mediterraneensis in Egypt and to characterize it as new species of probiotics globally. According to the results, E. mediterraneensis (L2, L12, and L15), Lb. fermentum (L8, L9, and L10), and Strep. lutetiensis (L14) are the most promising in vitro probiotic candidates.

In a study to utilize modern information technologies in establishment of food/feed safety control system; a study was conducted using mobile monitoring devices such as smart phones, car tracking system, audio video real-time broadcasting device, GIS application, portable internet access device, Wi-Fi thermometers to designs a replied quality control inspection system which can be applied in food manufacturing stockholders including official inspection authorities.Results obtained from application of the used modern information system and the mentioned quality control systems revealed that, by using these devices and inspection program (s), both the official bodies and the producers themselves can cooperate to improve the inspection/production activity to assure compliance of the end product with the safety guidelines and subsequently human/animal/environmental safety.