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Energy efficiency and renewable energy hold the key to sustainable energy and sustainable tourism development and is the key for energy balance in the hospitality sector of Egypt. Energy cutoffs due to demand exceeding supply in 2014 caused a decline in hotels' revenue of more than 20%. Moreover, electricity prices increased in 2014 by 40% as a step towards the total removal of electricity subsidies during the following 5 years, representing a threat to the future of the hospitality sector in Egypt. As a result, the hospitality sector in Egypt requires a set of energy efficiency strategies in addition to the diversification of energy supply coupled with continuous and stable prices of other alternatives such as renewable resources. This research proposes a set of strategies that can help the private hospitality sector in Egypt with the proper scenario in utilizing energy resources more efficiently and to integrate renewable energy resources within the existing hotels. A literature review was conducted to define the hospitality sector of Egypt, energy requirements and the market potential of both energy efficiency and renewable energy opportunities focusing on the city of Sharm El Sheikh. The research describes the needed measures that could be used to advance energy efficiency initiatives in the existing hotels of Egypt. Using case studies in the city of Sharm El Sheikh, the research conducted an in depth analysis on different examples, and applied the resulting guidelines on a case study hotel in the same city. The outcome of the research concludes the most effective measures which will eventually help the hotel industry in Egypt to achieve optimum, continuous and stable energy performance in addition to a reduction in carbon emissions.

The following research study is carried with the objective of examining the most critical health and livelihood issues facing residents of informal settlements. It is worth noting that informal settlements now house a substantial proportion of the urban population in Africa, Asia and Latin America. A premise is then set to help identify interventions to improve health in the foregoing areas. The review begins by discussing urbanization as a major public health challenge for the 21st century, as urban populations are rapidly increasing, basic infrastructure is insufficient and social and economic inequities result in the formation of informal settlements. People over there suffer disproportionately from ill-health throughout their lifecourse and are more likely to experience disease, injury and premature death and ill-health may combine with poverty to entrench disadvantages over time. The health of both individuals and communities is affected by built and social environments surrounding them as evidence in this study suggests, and these settlements are plagued by profound environmental hazards and ingrained deprivations that cannot be suitable for a healthy life. The study further tackles in depth the factors which exacerbate ill-health in informal settlements and encourages prevention and early intervention as measures more effective than exhorting individuals to change their behaviour. This is due to the fact that changing behaviour becomes more farfetched in the light of their surrounding work and study environments. The concluding section examines a range of urban interventions to be taken into consideration when trying to upgrade and achieve health equity in these areas.

Background: Earth's temperature has been rising since 1900, and the annual temperature has increased from 20°C to 24°C on the Mediterranean coastline. The external climate directly relates to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and building performance, particularly in educational buildings. This paper proposes smart adaptive building envelopes (SABEs) as a potential solution for resilient architecture which is prone to unexpected weather patterns posed by climate change. Methods: A multi-dimensional criterion methodology is employed based on Egypt’s local climate, using SABEs to provide thermal comfort and natural daylight using minimum energy. The paper's novelty is in using a comparative methodology that is complemented with a software simulation (OpenStudio 3.0.1) to address the existing educational building design challenges in providing IEQ, and to assess the proposed SABE design’s performance, whilst providing better indoor thermal comfort and daylight. Results: The results show that the application of SABEs has led to significant reduction of the energy consumed, by 7.62% in summer and 5.42% in winter Conclusions: The implications of SABEs on IEQ in terms of thermal comfort and daylight are significant. SABEs also reduce energy consumption.

Rating systems has started to be a tool to manage and asses the performance in many countries in the world. Since the touristic communities are considered one of the critical markets in Egypt, therefore, the reliability of tourism sector requires enough means to improve the performance of these communities. The research objectives is to design a rating system that assist developers to enhance the quality of the existing and planned communities following the guidelines ofsite and urban development, green infrastructure, efficient energy, green transportation and sustainable tourism. The research method is to compare, adapt, and apply the most representative community environment assessment schemes that are in use today. A preliminary studyof six different community rating systems (LEED-ND, Pearl, STAR community, BREEAM, IGBC and GSAS) took placeon the urban level, and followed by analysis and design of a new rating system which is introduced and applied on the city of Sharm EL-Sheikh. The newEgyptian Rating System for Touristic Communities (ERSTC) achieved better environmental, social, and economic performance compared to other rating systems.