Traffic microsimulation is an essential tool in urban transportation and road planning. Its calibration is essential to attain representative results validated with real-world conditions. VISSIM (Verkehr in Städten-SIMulationsmodell) operates with the Wiedemann's psycho-physical car-following model for freeway travel that considers safety distances (standstill and movement) during simulation. Calibration in this paper was achieved by using two different approaches: a) manual and b) genetic algorithm (with the GEH statistic formula) calibration techniques. Calibration and validation of this model were performed at the Periferico de la Juventud expressway in Chihuahua City, in northern Mexico. The Periferico de la Juventud (PDJ) has a N-S orientation and a length of ca. 20 km, with its northern section being its most congested portion. Its highest vehicle volume occurs at noon, with 3700 vehicles per hour, with 95% being passenger cars and the other 5% heavy goods vehicles. PDJ's speed limit is 70 km•h −1 , but the driver's behavior has a tendency towards the aggressive performance. A total of 82 standstill and 82 look-ahead distances were obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) images, with values ranging from 0.8 to 4.7 m and from 0.2 to 28 m, respectively. VISSIM calibrated parameter values were calculated for this expressway, being slightly above than the VISSIM default ones; and was validated with travel times and look-ahead distances. Results contribute information for the city's future installment of public transportation systems, and should help decision makers deal with future urban planning.
La contaminación por ruido es un problema de continua preocupación pública, por lo que se dedican esfuerzos importantes para controlarlo. El tráfico vehicular es la mayor fuente de contaminación acústica en las áreas urbanas. Las principales variables que inciden en el ruido urbano son el tráfico rodado y su impacto según el uso de suelo colindante. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel de ruido que se genera en tres vías de alto tráfico vehicular en la ciudad de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México: Chihuahua a Hermosillo, Sonora; Chihuahua a Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua; y Chihuahua a Delicias, Chihuahua. Para ello, se seleccionaron 64 puntos de estudio. El nivel de ruido fue medido durante los periodos de máxima demanda vehicular. El índice utilizado fue el nivel de presión sonora continuo equivalente (Leq dB [A]), y la unidad de medida fue el decibelio (dB). Los resultados muestran que el nivel de ruido varió de 67.7 dB (A) a 75.5 dB (A), valores que se encuentran por arriba de los niveles de ruido permisibles, de acuerdo a los estándares internacionales. Se sugiere el uso de bermas, la optimización de la superficie de rodamiento y barreras de sonido como alternativas que se consideran adecuadas para mitigar el ruido en cada punto en que se exceden los niveles permitidos máximos en el día.
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