RESUMO -Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar a resistência de nove madeiras de ocorrência no semiárido brasileiro a fungos xilófagos em simuladores de campo e relacionar a resistência natural com a densidade e teor de substâncias extraídas em água quente. As madeiras estudadas foram algaroba (Prosopis juliflora), angicovermelho (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva), braúna (Schinopsis brasiliensis), cássia (Senna siamea), craibeira (Tabebuia aurea), cumaru (Amburana cearensis), pau-d'arco (Tabebuia impetiginosa) e pereiro (Aspidosperma pyrifolium). De cada espécie foram retirados corpos-deprova de 0,5 x 1,5 x 15,0 cm, com a maior dimensão na direção das fibras, em quatro posições na direção medula-casca do tronco. As amostras permaneceram por 180 dias sob ação da microflora natural existente em três tipos de solos: de floresta, de uso agrícola e com gramíneas. Em todas as madeiras ensaiadas, a resistência ao apodrecimento foi afetada pela posição na direção medula-casca. Apenas na aroeira a resistência da madeira esteve associada à sua densidade e à quantidade de extrativos solúveis em água quente. A resistência das madeiras de algaroba, angico, craibeira e pau-d'arco não esteve associada à densidade nem ao teor de extrativos. O alburno foi a posição mais atacada em todos os solos analisados. Entre os solos testados, o de uso agrícola apresentou menos atividade biológica, deteriorando menos as madeiras testadas.Palavras-chave: Madeiras do semiárido, resistência natural e simulador de campo. NATURAL RESISTANCE OF NINE WOODS FROM THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID REGION TO WOOD-DESTROYING FUNGI IN FIELD SIMULATORS ABSTRACT -The objectives of this research were to evaluate the natural resistance of nine woods from the
O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do preservativo "Osmose CCB" na resistência da madeira de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora (Sw) D.C.) ao fungo Postia placenta, em condições de laboratório. Peças roliças de algaroba foram tratadas pelo método de substituição da seiva por transpiração radial, em soluções de 1, 2 e 3% de ingredientes ativos de CCB, durante 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 dias. Das peças tratadas foram retirados discos em três posições (50 cm da base, meio do comprimento e topo da peça), em que foram analisadas a penetração e retenção do CCB, bem como a resistência ao fungo Postia placenta. Observou-se melhor penetração e retenção nas peças submetidas a 2% de ingredientes ativos. A penetração e retenção do CCB, assim como a resistência conferida à madeira, de modo geral, decresceram da base para o topo das peças. O tratamento preservativo conferiu às peças de algaroba uma alta resistência ao fungo P. placenta. Isso não ocorreu apenas nas amostras provenientes do topo (submetidas a 1% de CCB e 15 dias de tratamento; 2% e 9 dias; 3% e 3, 12 e 15 dias) e meio das peças (3% de CCB e 3 e 12 dias de tratamento), que foram classificadas como resistentes.
ABTRACT: For decades, chemical products have shown efficiency in inhibiting pathogens associated with forest seeds, but due to the high cost and environmental impact caused by it, research to find more viable and sustainable alternatives has been Held. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume extract in the treatment of seeds of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. And to indicate the use of plant extracts as an alternative for the control of pathogens associated with Forest seeds. For the sanity test, 500 seeds collected in 2010 and 500 seeds collected in the year 2014 submitted to treatments with cinnamon extract were used in the following concentrations: T1: solution containing 100% sterile water (control); T2: Solution containing 25% of cinnamon extract and 75% of sterile water; T3: Solution containing 50% cinnamon extract and 50% of sterile water; T4: Solution containing 75% of cinnamon extract and 25% of sterile water; T5: Solution containing 100% of cinnamon extract. The health test lasted 10 days and after this period, the pathogen was evaluated, associated with the seeds of S. Brasiliensis, through the observations of the fungal structures through a stereoscopic and optic microscope, and the help of the literature Specialized. The means were analyzed by the Tukey test at the level of 5% probability and the percentage values for the purposes of statistical analysis were transformed into arcsen√x/100.The treatment with solution containing 100% of cinnamon extract presented as the most efficient being the most suitable for the inhibition of pathogens associated with the forest seeds. Considering the results, we recommend the advancement of researches around the use of plant extracts as a solution for the treatment of forest seeds so that it becomes a viable alternative in the forestry sector. KEYWORDS: seeds, pathogens.
This research aimed to evaluate the effects of Clove extract (Syzygium aromaticum) on germination and sanity of Catingueira seeds (Poincianella pyramidalis). Five treatments with Clove extract of India were applied at the following concentrations T1 (Control) = 40 mL of sterile H2O, T2= 10 mL extract + 30 mL of sterile H2O, T3= 20 mL extract + 20 mL of sterile H2O, T4= 30 mL extract + 10 mL of sterile H2O and T5= 40 mL of extract. P. pyramidalis seeds were immersed in due concentrations for 30 seconds, then placed in sterilized Petri dishes and taken to isolation chapel. The sanity test lasted seven days, after this period, the associated microorganisms were evaluated in the seeds. For germination tests, the same treatments used for the health test were used. At the end of the experiment the percentage of germinated seeds, the Germination Speed Index (IVG), Mean Germination Time (TMG), Mean Germination Speed (VMG) and the length of part area and root were calculated. Clove extract (Syzygium aromaticum) showed no toxic effect on germination and development of Poincianella pyramidalis. It was indicated the concentration of 25 and 50% of the extract, because it provided a higher germination percentage, IVG, VMG and TMG to seeds of the species Poincianella pyramidalis. Further studies with immersion time of the seeds higher than those of this research are suggested.
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