This article aims to analyze how mathematical modeling can be used as a strategy to improve teaching and learning. Therefore, it was necessary to use a methodology based on bibliographic research and a qualitative approach through the analysis of books, articles, and publications in order to collect the necessary data for this research. Through this study, it could be observed that mathematical modeling is a dynamic and important process in mathematics teaching, as it brings a new vision of how to work with mathematical models, bringing the reality experienced by students through problems; it was also noted that when working mathematics through modeling, one should look for examples of the student's reality so that he understands more easily, as a concrete meaning is created for him; it was understood that mathematical modeling becomes important within the mathematical study, as it facilitates the visualization of a real problem situation through a mathematical language, which is seen in a creative and simplified way; it was noticed that the mathematical modeling of infectious diseases is an important tool, as it provides information for the understanding of diseases, helps in choosing the most appropriate control strategies for each situation, aiming at satisfactory results.