The fact that inter-ethnic marriage has been practiced in Malaysia since pre-colonial times is well known and recorded in its history. While there is a modest rise in number of people who choose to marry spouses from different ethnic group in the country, the practice itself has been generally portrayed as a problematic and wanting especially in the Peninsular Malaysia. Popular writings and mass media play a significant role in stereotyping the phenomenon as a current modern (read: western)-influenced trend in contemporary society, as well as its potential to create tensions between the spouses due to their differences in ethnic background and culture. Based on our qualitative study conducted in 2011 on 50 respondents with first-hand experience in inter-ethnic marriages, this paper argues that sources of conflict faced by the couples are not originated from spouses themselves. Instead, they were initiated by various external sources which stem from overwhelming dominance of authority-defined social reality in the organisation of social differences according to rigid ethnic lines in the society. As a result, positive effects of inter-ethnic marriages on maintaining social cohesion in the society, as reflected from first-hand experiences of spouses and progeny of inter-ethnic marriages, are affectively eclipsed
Malaysia adalah negara yang dibina berasaskan integrasi. Usaha untuk memupuk dan mengukuhkan hubungan antara etnik ke arah perpaduan yang diidamkan sentiasa ditekankan dalam agenda pembangunan negara bangsa Malaysia. Untuk itu, program Rukun Tetangga telah dilancarkan pada tahun 1975 sebagai satu usaha kerajaan untuk memupuk perpaduan di peringkat akar umbi masyarakat. Setelah lebih empat dekad dibentuk, sejauh mana terbinanya kesepaduan nasional dalam kalangan penduduk Kawasan Rukun Tetangga (KRT) di seluruh negara? Satu kajian kuantitatif yang diadaptasikan daripada model Indeks Perpaduan Nasional (IPNas) 2018 telah dijalankan ke atas 585 orang penduduk KRT di seluruh negara melalui kaedah purposive sampling. Ujian ANOVA sehala digunakan untuk menentukan perbezaan di antara etnik bagi konstruk kesepaduan sosial dan etos bangsa yang berhubungan dalam membentuk kesepaduan nasional. Ujian regresi linear mudah diaplikasikan untuk menentukan hubungan di antara etos bangsa dan kesepaduan sosial. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan antara etnik dalam beberapa dimensi kesepaduan sosial dan etos bangsa. Manakala etos bangsa dan kesepaduan sosial mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dalam membentuk kesepaduan nasional dalam kalangan penduduk KRT. Dapat dirumuskan bahawa kedua-dua aspek kesepaduan sosial dan etos bangsa perlu digerakkan sederap dalam setiap langkah pihak kerajaan untuk memupuk perpaduan di peringkat akar umbi masyarakat, termasuklah menerusi program KRT yang meraikan kepelbagaian masyarakat multietnik Malaysia.
Although the status of the national language of Malaysia has been consolidated in the Constitution, the Malay language remains commonly associated with a specific segment of Malaysian society, i.e., the Malays. The language is often seen as a distinct marker for Malayness whereas the non-Malay ethnic groups, particularly in Peninsular Malaysia, are not widely associated with the language. The Chinese as the largest minority ethnic group in the Peninsular, are often stereotypically depicted as relatively less fluent or knowledgeable in Malay language, at times not beyond the colloquial 'bahasa pasar'. Such a scenario suggests that language-wise, Malaysian society remains divided along ethnic lines. This paper seeks to highlight Malay language use among Peranakan Chinese youth in Kelantan. While their higher level of Malay language proficiency vis-à-vis mainstream Chinese is readily acknowledged, findings from content analyses of qualitative data collected in a focus group discussion also suggest that such proficiency in Malay language is achieved due to it being pivotal to the continuity of their identity as both Kelantan Peranakan Chinese and Kelantanese. In short, the Kelantan Peranakan Chinese community is a good example that proficiency in Malay language as national language can exist in tandem with the group's mother tongue language, and thus should be celebrated and supported towards building a common identity as part of nation-building in Malaysia.
Keunikan warisan kebudayaan tidak ketara masyarakat multietnik di Malaysia kian terancam oleh modenisasi dan globalisasi yang berlaku dengan lebih pesat berbanding dengan usaha-usaha yang dijalankan untuk melestari dan memperkasakan warisan kebudayaan itu sendiri. Hal ini lebih ketara bila melibatkan komuniti etnik minoriti yang kurang dikenali umum seperti komuniti Cina Peranakan Kelantan. Justeru itu, makalah ini cuba untuk mengupas dan meneliti satu upacara tradisi Cina Peranakan Kelantan yang semakin dilupakan iaitu upacara Koi Hoi. Perbincangan makalah ini adalah kepada sejarah asal-usul, kepercayaan dan amalan upacara tersebut berdasarkan kajian lapangan yang dilakukan di Kampung Pasir Parit di Jajahan Pasir Mas pada tahun 2019. Kajian mendapati upacara Koi Hoi adalah satu upacara tradisi Tao yang diwarisi secara turun-temurun daripada leluhur yang tiba di Tanah Melayu 300 tahun yang lalu. Ia bertitik-tolak daripada sistem kepercayaan tradisi Cina yang berkaitan dengan kewujudan dan pengaruh kuasa supernatural dalam kehidupan seharian seperti dewa-dewi dan keramat. Upacara Koi Hoi dijalankan sebagai satu usaha beramai-ramai oleh penduduk kampung untuk memohon kepada dewa penjaga kampung perlindungan daripada musibah duniawi mahupun gangguan kuasa ghaib, selain mendapatkan keberkatan demi kesejahteraan seluruh warga kampung. Daripada segi penganjurannya, persiapan dan proses kerja upacara Koi Hoi menerapkan juga elemen-elemen budaya tempatan dan melibatkan partisipasi warga kampung daripada latar etnik berlainan. Justeru itu, melihat kepada kerelevanannya dalam konteks pemupukan perpaduan dalam hubungan antara etnik di Malaysia, maka seharusnya warisan upacara Koi Hoi ini dipelihara dan diiktiraf dengan sewajarnya sebagai warisan kebangsaan di bawah Akta Warisan Kebangsaan 2005.
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