Parasitoses are very common throughout the world, generating serious consequences for public health. Leishmaniosis and giardiasis are examples of fairly recurrent, but neglected diseases. Several higher plants have demonstrated promising activity against the parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from the leaves and stems of two Brazilian plants: Eugenia mattosii and Marlierea eugeniopsoides (Myrtaceae) against Leishmania and Giardia. XTT and the fluorimetric method were used to for this evaluation, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against HeLa cells. The results demonstrated that chloroform fractions of E. matosii and pinostrobin presented the most pronounced antiparasitic activity, with the CLF-stems being the most effective against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis. Pinostrobin also presented activity against G. lamblia. Therefore, E. mattosii stems and pinostrobin may be considered possible targets for the continuity of studies against other parasites.

Eugenia genus is known for the presence of phenolic metabolites, which may influence Alzheimer Disease's progression. This study aimed to evaluate the anticholinesterase effects of six Eugenia species from Brazil. Leaves and stems were submitted to maceration (methanol, 7 days) and then partitioned with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Samples were screened (200 μg/mL) for anticholinesterase activity. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed and twenty-eight phenolic compounds were identified. Regarding the pharmacological activity, better results were observed for the ethyl acetate fraction of E. brevistyla, E. catharinae and especially E. mattosii.Chemical and pharmacological aspects of seasonal E. mattosii extracts were evaluated. The winter leaves extract was the most effective for AChE, and the spring leaves extract was the most effective for BuChE. Correlating the pharmacological results with the chemical data, it was possible to associate these effects to isoquercitrin, quercetin, catechin, epicatechin, procatecuic acid, and myricitrin presence.

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The Eugenia genus is rich in bioactive substances with biological potential. Mollicutes are bacteria without cell walls, which are responsible for various human and animal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antimollicute activity of Eugenia mattosii. Leaves and stems were extracted with methanol, partitioned into fractions of different polarities, and submitted to column chromatography in order to isolate major compounds. Identification and quantification of isolated substances in extracts and fractions were performed by UPLC-PDA/ESI+-QTOF. Methanolic extracts, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions and isolated substances were screened for antimycoplasmic activity against five Mycoplasma strains. The methanolic extracts of leaves and stems showed moderate antimycoplasmic activity (MICs = 250-500 µg.mL-1). The fractions exhibited better effect, with MICs = 125-1000 µg.mL-1 , especially the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves, which presented MICs of 125-250 µg.mL-1 for all strains tested. Phytochemical analyses evidenced the presence of some phenolic compounds, including pinostrobin, cryptostrobin and catechin, the first showing promising antimycoplasmic activity. Quantification of the compounds demonstrated higher concentrations of pinostrobin and cryptostrobin in the chloroform fraction. In conclusion, E. mattosii presented antimycoplasmic activity related, at least in part, to the presence of pinostrobin.