The present study was conducted at Crop Research Centre (CRC), School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior (MP) to investigate the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on growth, yield and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The experiment was laid out in the randomized block design with three replications and each replication was comprised of eleven treatment combinations comprising FYM (Farm Yard Manure) and Azotobacter with recommended dose of N, P, K and S (80: 60: 30: 30). These treatments were investigated for different morphophysiological, yield and quality attributes of miaze crop. Significant improvement in different morpho-physiological attributes viz., plant height, number of branches per plant and dry matter at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS), was recorded with T5 treatment. The seed yield was recorded highest (11.33 q/ha) with T5 treatment (100% RDF + FYM @ 15 t/ha + Azotobacter @ 5kg/ha). Maximum harvest index (25.54 %) was also calculated highest for T5 treatment followed by T3 treatment (18.77%) (100% RDF + FYM @ 15 t/ha). Comparatively, the improvement in protein (34.67%) and oil content (39.30%) in mustard cake was maximum for T5 treatment to other treatments. The results of the study revealed that T5 treatment had the maximum significant effect on yield and quality of the mustard crop.

Malnutrition is a very big issue in poor nations, particularly in Asia and Africa, where millions of pre-school-aged children with pregnant women suffer from it. Because they eat a carbohydrate-rich but micronutrient-scant plant-based diet, poor individuals are more vulnerable to malnutrition and hidden hunger. The spread of high-yielding varieties but low-micronutrient cultivars exacerbated the malnutrition. Supplementation & food fortification of staple foods with minerals are two ways that can be used to track the issue of proper nutrition safety. However, fortified and dietary supplements are also not possible or cost-effective for iodine, particularly iron. To treat micronutrient deficiencies, genetic biofortification of crops has recently developed as a self-targeted and non-recurrent strategy. Because there wasn't enough genetic variation in the crossable gene pools, most traditional breeding methods were limited. Furthermore, it lacks the micronutrient and iodine accumulation-related modulation of target gene expression. At this point, genetic engineering-based food biofortification appears to be a potential strategy to solve hidden hunger, particularly in areas where breeding is difficult due to a scarcity of genetic diversity. If there is insufficient genetic variability and fixable major gene effects, genetic engineering will be a viable option for enhancing micronutrients at targeted levels. Transgenic technologies are one method that can be used to improve genotypes by changing specific metabolic pathways with different genes.

The present experiment was conducted during the Rabi –2020-21 at experimental Farm, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, ITM University, Gwalior Madhya Pradesh to evaluated the combined effect of soil and foliar applications of nutrients on the growth, yield, protein content and its economics in wheat (Variety, RVW-4106).The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) having three replications. The experiment consisted of eight treatment viz. T1 :Control, T2 : RDF(120 : 60 : 40 kg NPK ha-1), T3 : 50% RDF + foliar spray of 19:19:19 (1%) at 40 & 75 DAS, T4 : 75% RDF + foliar spray of 19:19:19 (1%) at 40 & 75 DAS, T5 : 50% RDF + foliar spray of 19:19:19 (1%) + ZnSO4 (0.5%) at 40 & 75 DAS, T6 : 75% RDF+ foliar spray of 19:19:19 (1%) + ZnSO4 (0.5%) at 40 & 75 DAS, T7 : RDF+ foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0.5%) at 40 & 75 DAS and T8 : RDF + foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0.5%) + FeSO4 (0.5%) at 40 & 75 DAS. The findings of the present study indicated that foliar application of either ZnSO4 or ZnSO4 + FeSO4 at 40 & 75 DAS with RDF recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes characters of wheat as compared to alone RDF which was comparable to 75% RDF+ foliar spray of 19:19:19 + ZnSO4 and 75% RDF+ foliar spray of 19:19:19 treatment. The maximum grain yield (44.00 q ha-1) recorded with treatment T8 (RDF + foliar spray of ZnSO4 + FeSO4) closely followed by T7 (RDF+ foliar spray of ZnSO4) and T6 (75% RDF+ foliar spray of 19:19:19 + ZnSO4) treatments with 43.52 and 42.57 q ha-1 grain yield. Whereas, The maximum net return of Rs. 69746 ha-1 was recorded under T7 (RDF+ 0.5% foliar spray of ZnSO4) followed by T8 (RDF + foliar spray of ZnSO4 + FeSO4) with Rs. 68908 ha-1The maximum benefit cost ratio of 3.10 was recorded with T7 ((RDF+ 0.5% foliar spray of ZnSO4) treatment followed by T6 (75% RDF+ foliar spray of 19:19:19 + ZnSO4) with B:C ratio of 3.09.

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A research study was carried out during Rabi, 2020-21 at Crop Research Centre (CRC), School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior (MP) to investigate the response of barley crop (Hordeum vulgare L.) to irrigation scheduling and nutrient management. The study was carried out in split plot design with irrigation scheduling at different crop growth stages and nutrient management. The main plots consisted of 3 irrigation treatments viz., I0: No irrigation; I1: Irrigation at CRI stage; I3: Irrigation at CRI and tillering stages and sub plots consisted of  four nutrient management treatments viz., N1, N2, N3 and N4. The results of the study revealed that irrigations scheduled at CRI and late tillering stages recorded maximum grain yield (4309.50 kg ha-1) which was 28.90% and 20.90% significantly higher than barley plants received no irrigation and one irrigation at CRI stage, respectively. Among nutrient management, application of 100% NPK with foliar application of 19:19:19 at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) registered significantly higher yield attributes and seed yield of barley (4064.40 kg ha-1) while the treatment combination, two irrigations and 100% NPK with foliar application of 19:19:19 fertilizer at 30 and 60 days after sowing fetched maximum gross (₹ 89256.00/ha) and net returns (₹ 60836.00/ha) and B:C ratio of 3.15.