Objective: To evaluate the association between low birth weight and nutritional status at the end of the first year of life.Methods: This was a nested case-control study within a cohort. The study was carried out at maternity hospitals in four cities in the Zona da Mata Meridional in Pernambuco state, Brazil. Newborn infants were recruited during the first 24 hours of life. Their weights were measured at birth and at the end of the first year of life. Household visits were made twice weekly during the first year of life to collect data on breastfeeding and occurrence of diarrhea. In the case-control study, each case (child at nutritional risk) was a child with weight-for-age index < the 10th percentile (n = 117) and each control was a child with weight-for-age index > the 10th percentile (n = 411). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to investigate risk factors for nutritional status at 12 months.Results: Low birth weight and living in a household with no latrine were significantly associated with nutritional risk at the end of the first year of life. Children born weighing 1,500 g to 2,499 g had 29 times (95% CI = 9.77-87.49) the chance of being at nutritional risk at 12 months of life than those whose birth weights had been > 3,500 g (p < 0.001). Children living in households without a flush toilet had three times (95% CI = 1.54-6.22) the chance of nutritional risk at 12 months of life in relation to those that had a latrine with a septic tank at home (p = 0.01).
Hydration and nutrition are the interventions with the greatest impact on the course of acute diarrhea.
Objectives: to investigate if breast feeding has a protective effect against overweight in preschool age.Methods: cross-sectional study with 409 children, two to six years old, 221 boys and 188 girls, in Recife. The exposition was exclusive breast feeding for less than four months. The outcome was overweight, defined as body mass index (BMI) by age equal or above the 85 th percentile.Results: among the 409 children, 11.5% were never breastfed. Mean breast feeding duration was 3.97 months. Overweight prevalence was 18.6%. Overweight was more prevalent among children exclusively breastfed for less than four months (22.5%) than for those breastfed for four months or longer (13.5%) (p = 0.03).Conclusions: in our study, breast feeding had a protective effect against overweight at preschool age. Key words Obesity, Breast feeding, ChildResumo Objetivos: investigar se o aleitamento materno tem um efeito protetor contra o sobrepeso na idade pré-escolar.Métodos: estudo de corte transversal com 409 crianças na faixa etária de dois a seis anos, sendo 221 do sexo masculino e 188 do feminino, provenientes de creches vinculadas à prefeitura da cidade de Recife. Foram consideradas expostas as crianças que receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo por menos de quatro meses. O desfecho analisado foi o sobrepeso, definido como índice de massa corporal para idade igual ou superior ao percentil 85.Resultados: dentre as 409 crianças, 11,5% nunca haviam recebido leite materno. A duração média do aleitamento materno foi de 3,97 meses. A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 18,6%. O sobrepeso foi mais prevalente entre as crianças que receberam leite materno exclusivo por menos de quatro meses (22,5%) do que entre aquelas que receberam leite materno exclusivo por quatro meses ou mais (13,5%) (p = 0,03).Conclusões: em nosso estudo, o aleitamento materno apresentou um efeito protetor contra o sobrepeso na idade pré-escolar.Palavras-chave Obesidade, Aleitamento materno, Criança
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre determinantes sócio-econômico-demográficos e biológicos e hospitalização por diarréia aguda (DA) em menores de dois anos. Utilizou-se estudo tipo caso-controle de base hospitalar no período de maio a outubro de 1997, em hospital pediátrico de nível terciário em Recife, Pernambuco. Os casos (n = 185) foram crianças internadas por DA e os controles (n = 185) foram crianças com doenças ambulatoriais, exceto diarréia, que tinham apresentado a doença nos últimos 15 dias, atendidas no mesmo local e período. Utilizaram-se os programas Epi Info e Stata para a análise dos dados. Foram calculados o odds ratio e os intervalos de confiança de 95% por meio da técnica de regressão logística múltipla, para o controle dos fatores de confusão, considerando um modelo hierarquizado dos fatores de risco. A investigação mediante o modelo proposto mostrou existência de associação entre internamento por DA e piso de terra ou tábua, paridade das mães igual a cinco ou mais filhos, criança menor de seis meses e gravidade dos episódios, que depende da interação entre condições sócio-econômicas desfavoráveis, baixa idade das crianças e episódio diarréico grave.
In view of the multiple causes of malnutrition, the interrelationship among its determinants should be taken into account when adopting strategies for its reduction and prevention.
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