Background: Various studies have shown that low glycemic index (GI) diet can lower insulin resistance in people with Diabetes Mellitus. The main problem in low GI diet is the availability of low GI foods while the staple food of most Indonesian people is rice, which is classified as high GI food. Objective: The research was conducted to evaluate glucose content and glycemic index of various carbohydrate-containing foods in order to find the low GI foods for diabetic people. Methods: The sample foods include whole grains (brown rice, corn, sorghum), tubers (cassava, bentul), fruits (banana var ambon and kepok, breadfruit), and legumes (mung beans, kidney beans). The glucose content was determined by Luff-Schoorl method and the glycemic index was assayed using experimental animals (rabbits) against standard food, glucose 0.47g/Kg body weight. Food samples were administered in an amount equivalent to glucose content in each processed foods. Results: Glucose content represented by total reducing sugars contained in the tested foods vary depending on character of starch in the carbohydrate-containing foods. All the tested food has lower GI than white rice, but steam-cooked cassava and bentul still relatively high GI foods. Conclusions: Except the cassava and bentul,all the tested foods are carbohydrate-containing foods which is recommended for diabetic people. AbstrakPendahuluan: Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diet makanan ber-Indeks Glikemik (IG) rendah mampu menurunkan resistensi insulin pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Masalah utama dalam diet pangan IG rendah adalah ketersediaan bahan pangan dengan IG rendah sementara makanan pokok sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia adalah nasi, yang tergolong pangan dengan IG tinggi.Tujuan: menentukan kandungan glukosa dan indeks glikemik beberapa bahan pangan sumber karbohidrat dari kelompok biji-bijian (beras merah, jagung, sorgum), umbi-umbian (singkong, bentul), buah-buahan (pisang kapok, pisang ambon, sukun), serta kacang-kacangan (kacang hijau, kacang merah), untuk memperoleh bahan pangan sumber karbohidrat ber-IG rendah sebagai pangan alternatif pengganti nasi dalam diet penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Metode: Kadar glukosa ditentukan dengan metode Luff-Schoorl dan penentuan indeks glikemik dilakukan menggunakan hewan coba kelinci terhadap pangan standar, glukosa 0.47 g/Kg berat badan. Sampel pangan uji diberikan dalam jumlah yang setara dengan kandungan glukosa dalam setiap pangan uji. Hasil: Kandungan glukosa yang ditetapkan sebagai gula pereduksi total dalam pangan uji bervariasi, bergantung pada karakter pati dalam pangan sumber karbohidrat. Semua pangan uji memiliki indeks glikemik yang lebih rendah dibanding nasi putih, tetapi singkong kukus dan bentul kukus masih tergolong pangan IG tinggi. Kesimpulan: Kecuali singkong dan bentul, semua pangan yang diuji adalah pangan sumber karbohidrat yang direkomendasikan untuk penderita diabetes.Kata kunci: pangan sumber karbohidrat, kandungan glukosa, indeks glikemik rendah

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Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by Leptospira bacteria. It is a global public health concern, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The aim of this review was to summarize some relevant studies that discuss the presence of rodents and the identification of Leptospira bacteria in rodents. This review also presents findings on the potential reassociation of the presence of rodents with Leptospira bacterial infections to leptospirosis cases in humans. A systematic review methodology used to minimize article selection bias that was likely to occur. During the initial search from three science databases (ProQuest, Scopus, and PubMed), 119 articles were retrieved. During the screening process, three articles were excluded due to duplication, 101 articles were excluded based on title and abstract incompatibility with the inclusion criteria, five articles were excluded due to incompatibility of article content with the inclusion criteria, and two articles were excluded because of the ineligibility with the study. In the final screening process, eight articles were chosen to be analyzed. This review found that the presence of rodents infected with Leptospira had the potential to cause leptospirosis in humans through contaminated water and soil or by direct human-to-human contact. The lead factors in the transmission of leptospirosis infection from rodents to humans are activities that take place in wetlands and rice fields, forestry work, and farming activities.

Indonesia is one of the most susceptible nations toward natural disasters in the world. Since 1992, approximately 37 tsunami incidents have occurred inIndonesia, with at least 1,244 cases of natural disasters during 2018. Despite the overwhelming impact of disasters on Indonesia, Public Health Resilience,as an approach to disaster countermeasures, has been poorly elaborated in Indonesia’s development agenda (National Mid-term Development Plan (NMDP),or Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN), 2015 - 2019). By utilizing the method of policy content analysis, this study aimed to analyzethe policy background of Public Health Resilience against disasters in the NMDP 2015 - 2019 and National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)’s, orBadan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB),Strategic Plan 2015 - 2019. The results showed that the NMDP 2015 - 2019 and NDMA‘s Strategic Plan2015 - 2019 lack the scientific background for Public Health Resilience building in Indonesia. Enhancing the scientific background in these plans will enhancefocus on evidence-based Public Health Resilience establishment.