Introduction: Diarrhea is a significant health problem, especially in countries with low income. In many cases, diarrhea even can cause death. Treatment for diarrhea has been done both pharmacologically (including the usage of herbal remedies) and non-pharmacologically. Decoction of the sapodilla’s leaves is often used to treat diarrhea, but no studies directly demonstrates the effects of sapodilla’s leaves’ decoction towards living creatures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sapodilla leaves’ (Achras zapota) infusum towards diarrheal activity of mice (Mus musculus) which can be seen through the onset and frequency of diarrhea, and the consistency and quantity / weight of feces.Methods: 30 mice were divided into five groups. Negative controls (group I) were administered with oleum Ricini, positive controls (group II) were administered with oleum Ricini and Loperamide HCl after half-an hour, and group III, IV, and V, were administered with oleum Ricini and sapodilla leaves’ (Achras zapota) infusum ( with the concentration of 5 g %, 10 g %, and 20 g %) after half-an hour. Then, those mice were observed for 3 hours for their diarrheal activity (diarrheal onset, frequency, fecal consistency, and fecal weights).Results: Analysis by Kruskal-Wallis method showed significant differences of diarrheal activities among the five groups (p = 0.023). Whilst, analysis by Mann-Whitney method showed significant differences between group I and II (p = 0.04), group I and III (p = 0.012), and group I and IV (p = 0.006).Conclusions: Based on the result showed sapodilla leaves’ (Achras zapota) infusum could reduce diarrheal activity of mice (Mus musculus).

Background: Residency program, including pediatric residency, has long been considered stressful and for some students, depressing. Many studies have shown that depression or emotional impairment in resident physicians is more common than that in the general population, about 29% and increased with each year of training. Nearly half of the depressed residents seemed unaware of their condition. Knowing the cause and risk of mental health problem during medical training is important for informing efforts to prevent, treat, and identify.Objective: This study aim to analyze factors affecting anxiety and depression among pediatric residents in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, to minimize its effect towards residents' mental health. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was performed on pediatric residents in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. We collected resident's demographic data (age, sex, marital status, parental status, number of children, and duration of work experience before residency), as well as Beck Anxiety, Beck Depression, and Likert Scale Questionnaire on how residents feel about their academic burden, non-academic burden, and patients-related duties, were all taken using an online questionnaire. The comparison and correlation of data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Spearman tests. The difference will be considered significant if the p-value<0.05, and a strong correlation will be considered if r>0.5. Results: Higher BDI score was found in female residents (37.95; P=0.008), and unmarried residents (41.39; P=0.025). Age was negatively correlated with BAI (R = -0.281; P = 0.021;) and also BDI (R = -0.273; P = 0.025). Duration of work experience before residency period was also negatively correlated with BAI (R = -0.334; P = 0.005) and BDI (R = -0.308; P = 0.011). Meanwhile, Likert Scale on how residents feel about their academic burden was positively correlated with BAI (R = 0.26; P=0.033; and BDI (R = 0.257; P = 0.036). Conclusion:Female and unmarried residents have significantly higher BDI. Age and duration of work experience were negatively correlated with both BAI and BDI. Academic burden was positively correlated with BAI and BDI

Young women with TS are susceptible to various medical complications, such as autoimmune disorders, overweight and obesity, and an increased risk of metabolic disorders, such as glucose intolerance or dyslipidemia and hypertension. This article presented the case of a 17-year-old girl with Turner syndrome, hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity. This patient has been treated with Estradiol 1.5 mg every 24 hours for two months, continued with Microgynon 1 tablet daily for four months, Lisinopril 4 mg every 24 hours, and Metformin 250 mg every 8 hours and are advised to visit the Paediatric Endocrinology Polyclinic at Dr Soetomo Hospital once per month. After six months of treatment, the patient has a regular menstrual cycle and improved metabolic measurements. This paper highlighted the importance of early detection and prompt treatment of metabolic complications in Turner syndrome patients.

Background: Pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have hyperphosphatemia may experience further deterioration in kidney function. This study aims to investigate the effect of magnesium supplementation on the reduction of phosphate levels and improvement of kidney function in children with CKD and hyperphosphatemia, compared to a placebo. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial was conducted at Pediatric Ward in our setting during March-July 2022. We compared oral magnesium supplementation (6 mg/kg body weight/day for two months) with a placebo in children with CKD and hyperphosphatemia (ages 1-18 years old). Patients who were on dialysis and had serum magnesium levels of <1.6 mg/dL and >2.4 mg/dL, and were allergic to magnesium supplementation were excluded. A paired T-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis. Results: We collected 31 children in the experimental group and 29 children in the placebo group. Phosphate levels were decreased in both the magnesium supplementation and placebo groups (5.4 ± 0.9 to 4.8 ± 1.1 mg/dL; p-value = 0.001 and 5.1 ± 0.6 to 4.3 ± 1.2 mg/dL; p-value=0.003). However, when compared between groups, the reductions were not significantly different (0.7 vs 0.8; p-value=0.935). A significant improvement was found in kidney function in both groups using estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (83.4±25.3 to 118.8±52; p-value=<0.001 and 86.3±28.1 to 96.9 ± 35.8; p-value=0.004), and the reductions were significantly different (35.4 vs 10.7; p-value=0.045). Conclusion: Magnesium supplements have considerably lower phosphate levels and markedly improved kidney function in children with CKD and hyperphosphatemia.