INTRODUÇÃO: A Osteoartrite (OA) é uma doença articular crônico-degenerativa que, quando sintomática, progride num padrão que inclui incapacidade para marcha e redução da Capacidade Funcional (CF), sendo sua manutenção um requisito importante para um envelhecimento saudável. Desse modo, vários recursos terapêuticos, entre eles a Fisioterapia Aquática (FA) e a Fisioterapia Terrestre (FT) surgem como alternativas para o tratamento dessa enfermidade. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o impacto da FA e da FT na CF de idosos com diagnóstico de OA de joelho. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Quinze voluntários com diagnóstico clínico e radiográfico de OA de joelho com idade entre 60 a 80 anos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente entre os grupos: FA (n = 5), que realizou cinesioterapia em imersão; FT (n = 5), que realizou cinesioterapia em solo; e grupo controle (GC) (n = 5), que não recebeu qualquer tipo de intervenção fisioterapêutica. A CF foi avaliada com base na velocidade da marcha usual, por meio de células fotoelétricas, nos movimentos de caminhar e subir e descer escadas. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que os participantes da FA apresentaram melhora significativa no tempo da marcha usual (p = 0,007), marcha rápida (p = 0,02), subir escadas (p = 0,02) e descer escadas (p = 0,01), houve resultado satisfatório na FT apenas para descer escadas (p = 0,04). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no GC. CONCLUSÃO: Por meio dos resultados obtidos neste estudo, conclui-se que a FA seja a mais indicada para tratamento da OA, com resultados significativos na melhora da CF.
Introduction: Physicaltherapy in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) acts to decrease pain, increase joint functionality and to promote improvement in quality of life. Objective: To analyze the effect of a structured program of aquatic physiotherapy (AP) on functional capacity (FC) and mobility of elderly people with OA. Methods: Prospective, quantitative and analytical, randomized control study. The sample consisted of 29 patients, aged 60 years or over, diagnosed with OA, randomly allocated to the intervention group (IG), composed of 17 participants who underwent BP for two months, and to the control group (CG) of 12 participants. The primary outcome was measured by the WOMAC instruments and six-minute walk test. As a secondary endpoint, the Timed Up and Go Test measured mobility. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to present the data, with mean and standard deviation values. The comparison between groups for potential confounding factors and in relation to evolution was performed using the non-parametric chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Dunn's test for multiple comparisons. The differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Results: There was a significant difference in physical and functional parameters related to pain (p < 0.001), stiffness (p < 0.001) physical activity (p < 0.001), distance covered in six minutes (p = 0.001), and mobility (p < 0.001) when comparing IG to CG. Conclusion: The structured AP program effectively contributed to the improvement of FC and mobility of elderly people with knee OA.
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