The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural durability of Cupressus lusitanica, Cryptomeria japonica and Pinus taeda woods subjected to a rotting field trial, through mass loss and deterioration index. The trial was conducted in an open field in the city of Curitibanos, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, for a 24-month period, with evaluations carried out every 6 months. For developing the study, we used the woods of Cupressus lusitanica (16 years), Cryptomeria japonica (16 years) and Pinus taeda (juvenile=15 years and mature wood>30 years) species, from which test specimens were made with the dimensions of 2.5 x 5.0 x 50.0 cm in thickness, width and length, respectively, following the standards suggested by IUFRO. After 24 months of exposure to the rotting field the woods of C. japonica and C. lusitanica species showed a deterioration index that reflected an evident but moderate attack of fungi and termites, while the woods of P. taeda (juvenile) and P. taeda (mature) showed deterioration index that reflected an intense rotting and intense attack of termites. Regarding the mass loss the woods of C. japonica and C. lusitanica were classified as highly resistant, while P. taeda (juvenile) was considered resistant and P. taeda (mature) was considered moderately resistant. In general, the woods of C. lusitanica and C. japonica showed greater natural durability when used in contact with the soil.
RESUMOA madeira, devido sua constituição orgânica, é altamente suscetível a agentes biodeterioradores, tornando-se essencial o tratamento preservativo àquelas que apresentam baixa durabilidade natural. Atualmente, os principais produtos utilizados no tratamento preservativo da madeira são o CCA e o CCB, os quais em razão da sua constituição são tóxicos ao meio ambiente e a saúde humana. Frente à essa situação, torna-se essencial o desenvolvimento de estudos acerca de produtos naturais que apresentem ação biocida, podendo assim ser utilizado no tratamento de madeira, conferindo maior proteção e aumentando a vida útil da peça. Levando em consideração esta perspectiva, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade (penetração e retenção) e eficiência de preservantes naturais aplicados no tratamento das madeiras de Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis e Pinus taeda, submetidas ao apodrecimento acelerado em condições de laboratório. As madeiras das três espécies foram submetidas ao tratamento preservante com tanino, tall oil e óleo de nim, utilizando o método de imersão rápida a frio, na concentração de 5% do produto preservante, por cinco minutos. Na sequência foram avaliadas através do ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado sob à ação dos fungos apodrecedores Trametes versicolor e Gloeophyllum trabeum, seguindo as recomendações das normas ASTM D 2017 (2005) e ASTM D 1413 (1999). Com base nos resultados, observou-se que a madeira de P. taeda exibiu a melhor penetração aos preservantes óleo de nim e tall oil. O tanino retratou penetração vascular para as três espécies. Os melhores valores de retenção foram das madeiras de A. angustifolia e P. taeda, para todos os tratamentos aplicados. Quanto a eficiência, em comparação aos resultados encontrados para as outras espécies, todos os tratamentos foram eficientes para a madeira de P. taeda quando em contato ao fungo de podridão parda (G. trabeum). PALAVRAS-CHAVE:preservação da madeira, apodrecimento acelerado, tanino, óleo de nim, tall oil. ABSTRACTWood, due to its organic constitution, is highly susceptible to biodeterioration agents, making preservative treatment essential to those with low natural durability. Currently, the main products used in the preservative treatment of wood are CCA and CCB, which because of their constitution, are toxic to the environment and human health. Faced with this situation, it is essential to develop studies on natural products that have a biocidal action and thus can be used in the wood treatment, giving greater protection and increasing the lifespan of the piece. Considering this perspective, the present study aims to assess the quality (penetration and retention) and the efficiency of natural preservatives applied to the treatment of Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis, and Pinus taeda, subjected to accelerated rotting under laboratory conditions. The woods of the three species were submitted to preservative treatment with tannin, tall oil, and neem oil, using the cold quick immersion method at the concentration o...
Species of the genus Pinus are widely cultivated in Brazil, in the south of the country, mainly P. taeda and P. elliottii are responsible for suppling for diverse industrial segments. Although poorly studied, other species from the same region of natural distribution could also possibly present good growth potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of different dendrometric characteristics of provenances of P. glabra grown in the highlands of south Brazil during 24 years of growth. The values obtained for P. glabra in the studied region was compared with the ones from its natural distribution region and with data of P. taeda in south Brazil. By means of annual dendrometric measurements during almost the entire studied period, especially at age 24 years, the growth and productivity of the species was addressed. All studied provenances shown suitability to the evaluated edaphoclimatic conditions, with initial height growth above 1 m year-1 during the first 5 years. Productivities above 30 m3 ha-1 year-1 at age 24 years, as well as the production of dominant individuals with 30 cm of dbh at age 15 years can be expected. Therefore, the potential for commercial use of P. glabra in the highlands of south Brazil was proven, thus being an interesting alternative to the commonly used species
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a durabilidade natural das madeiras de Apuleia leiocarpa (grápia), Astronium lecointei (muiracatiara) e Enterolobium schomburgkii (fava-orelha-de-negro) ao ataque do fungo causador da podridão branca Trametes versicolor (Linnaeus ex Fries) Pilat, pelo ensaio de apodrecimento acelerado. Foram utilizadas 15 amostras de cerne de cada espécie, nas dimensões 2,5 x 2,5 x 0,9 cm (radial, tangencial e axial, respectivamente). Essas permaneceram durante 16 semanas em incubadora sob ataque do fungo. Após o período de ataque, determinaram-se a perda de massa e a referida classe de durabilidade natural. E. schomburgkii apresentou a maior média de perda de massa (17,5%), seguida de A. lecointei (15,5%), sendo classificadas como resistentes a T. versicolor. A. leiocarpa apresentou maior durabilidade (10,6% de perda de massa), sendo classificada como altamente resistente. A madeira de A. leiocarpa diferiu estatisticamente das demais, indicando potencial de maior durabilidade quando disposta em condições que favoreçam a desenvolvimento deste xilófago.
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