Descritores Resumo ObjetivoA infecção do sítio cirúrgico constitui um grave problema dentre as infecções hospitalares por sua incidência, morbidade e mortalidade. Devido ao curto período de internação, a maioria dessas infecções se manifesta após a alta hospitalar, sendo subnotificada quando não há o seguimento do paciente cirúrgico. Programas de vigilância específicos do paciente após a alta são considerados fundamentais para controlar as infecções. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico e comparar sua freqüência durante a internação e após a alta. Métodos Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico, tipo coorte, em um hospital universitário, com acompanhamento durante o período de internação e no seguimento pós-alta hospitalar, de 504 pacientes que se submeteram à cirurgia do aparelho digestivo no primeiro semestre de 2000. Resultados Das 504 cirurgias realizadas no período do estudo, 398 (79,0%) dos pacientes retornaram ao ambulatório de egressos. Do total de infecções do sítio cirúrgico diagnosticadas, a maioria (62,9%) foi notificada no ambulatório de egressos, sendo 88,0% superficiais, e 67,0% notificadas até o sétimo dia após a alta. Conclusões Comprovou-se a importância do seguimento pós-alta para a obtenção de dados fidedignos sobre as infecções do sítio cirúrgico devido à manifestação tardia na maioria dos casos, levando a subnotificação quando o seguimento do paciente é realizado somente durante a internação. AbstractObjective Surgical wound infection (SWI) is a serious hospital infection due to its incidence, morbidity and mortality. Because of the short hospital stay, the majority of SWI appears post-discharge, and its incidence is often underreported when there is no follow-up of the surgical patient post discharge. The need of a surveillance system for surgical patient after discharge is critical for infection control. The study objective was to determine the incidence of SWI in surgical patients and to compare the frequency of SWI diagnosed in-hospital and after discharge.

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics and infectious complications of neutropenic patients in a referral hospital. MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out between April and September 2008, which enrolled all neutropenic patients identified by daily blood counts in the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Demographic data and information on infections were obtained from the Hospital Infection Control Committee. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. ResultsOne hundred and sixteen patients were followed up during 129 hospitalizations. The patients had a mean age of 48.7 years old. Sixty-four (55.2%) patients were male and 25 (21.6%) died during the follow-up. In 97 (75.2%) of the hospitalizations, patients had episodes of febrile neutropenia. Patients classified as low-risk had a mortality rate of 16.2% (n = 12) vs. 39.1% (n = 9) among high-risk patients (p-value = 0.02). The death rate of the patients who had been submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 13.5% (n = 5) vs. 26.7% (n = 16) among patients not submitted to transplantation (p-value = 0.13). Of the 155 infections diagnosed, 45.5% were defined as clinically documented. The etiological agent most frequently isolated was Escherichia coli and the main topography reported was bloodstream infections. The most used antimicrobial agents were cefepime, vancomycin and fluconazole. Approximately 24% of patients evolved with impaired renal function during hospitalization. ConclusionMost reported infections in neutropenic patients were defined as clinically documented, which shows the importance of suspicion in patients without specific signs and symptoms for early diagnosis and the need for the classification of risk for timely interventions.

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