It is necessary to develop self-reported instruments that evaluate the process of living with chronic heart failure (HF) holistically. The Living with Chronic Illness Scale—HF (LW-CI-HF) is the only available tool to evaluate how patients are living with HF. The aim is to analyse the psychometric properties of the LW-CI scale in the HF population. An international, cross-sectional validation study was carried out in 603 patients living with HF from Spain and Colombia. The variables measured were living with HF, perceived social support, satisfaction with life, quality of life and global impression of severity. The LW-CI-HF scale presented good data quality and acceptability. All domains showed high internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient ≥ 0.7. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the total score was satisfactory (0.9) in test–retest reliability. The LW-CI-HF correlated 0.7 with social support and quality of life measures. Standard error of measurement was 6.5 for total scale. The LW-CI-HF scale is feasible, reliable and valid. However, results should be taken with caution in order to be used in clinical practice to evaluate the complex process of living with HF. Further research is proposed.

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Background Worldwide, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases and one of those producing greatest impact on patients’ day-to-day quality of life. Our study aim is to validate the “Living with Chronic Illness Scale” for a Spanish-speaking T2DM population. Methods In this observational, international, cross-sectional study, 582 persons with T2DM were recruited in primary care and outpatient hospital consultations, in Spain and Colombia, during the period from May 2018 to June 2019. The properties analysed were feasibility/acceptability, internal consistency, reliability, precision and (structural) content-construct validity including confirmatory factor analysis. The COSMIN checklist was used to assess the methodological/psychometric quality of the instrument. Results The scale had an adequate internal consistency and test retest reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96, respectively). In addition, the instrument is precise (standard error of measurement = 3.34, with values < ½SD = 8.52) and correlates positively with social support (DUFSS) (rs = 0.56), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) (rs = 0.51–0.30) and ssatisfaction with life (SLS-6) (rs = 0.50–0.38). The original 26-items version of the scale did not support totally the confirmatory factor analysis. The COSMIN checklist is favourable for all the properties analysed, although weaknesses are detected for structural validity. Conclusions The LW-CI-T2DM is a valid, reliable and accurate instrument for use in clinical practice to determine how a person’s life is affected by the presence of diabetes. This instrument correlates well with the associated constructs of social support, quality of life and satisfaction. Additional research is needed to determine how well the questionnaire structure performs when robust factor analysis methods are applied.

ObjectivesTo validate the Living with Chronic Illness (LW-CI) Scale in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignObservational, cross-sectional validation study with retest. Acceptability, reliability, precision and construct validity were tested.SettingThe study took place in primary and secondary specialised units of public and private hospitals of Spain and Colombia.ParticipantsThe study included 612 patients with COPD assessed from May 2018 to May 2019. A consecutive cases sampling was done. Inclusion criteria included: (A) patients with a diagnosis of COPD; (B) native Spanish speaking; (C) able to read and understand questionnaires; and (D) able to provide informed consent. Exclusion criteria included: (A) cognitive deterioration and (B) pharmacological effect or disorder that could disrupt the assessment.ResultsThe LW-CI-COPD presented satisfactory data quality, with no missing data or floor/ceiling effects, showing high internal consistency for all the domains (Cronbach’s alpha for the total score 0.92). Test–retest reliability was satisfactory (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.92). The LW-CI-COPD correlated 0.52–0.64 with quality of life and social support measures. The scale demonstrated satisfactory known-groups validity, yielding significantly different scores in patients grouped according to COPD severity levels.ConclusionsThis has been the first validation study of the LW-CI-COPD. It is a feasible, reliable, valid and precise self-reported scale to measure living with COPD in the Spanish-speaking population. Therefore, it could be recommended for research and clinical practice to measure this concept and evaluate the impact of centred-care interdisciplinary interventions based on the patients’ perspective, focused on providing holistic and comprehensive care to patients with COPD.

Article linked to research: Compromiso, vínculo y preparación durante la gestación. Desarrollo conceptual y validación de un nuevo instrumento para su medición. Conflicts of interests: none. Preparation for motherhood during Pregnancy: a Concept AnalysisObjective. This work sought to identify the attributes of the concept of preparation for motherhood during pregnancy. Methods. Concept analysis with the method by Walker and Avant, which conducted a literature review in databases and other sources. Inclusion criteria were defined and a database was created with the articles included for the analysis. The information was integrated, responding to the eight steps proposed in the method. Results. The concept of preparation for motherhood during pregnancy is defined as an intermediate process of active and conscious participation defined by the cultural, social, and historical contexts, which favor lifestyle changes to optimize health and whose attributes are classified into physical and psychological preparation. Conclusion. The attributes identified contribute to understanding the preparation for motherhood during gestation as a multidimensional concept. These results could be used to design care actions to evaluate pregnant women and prescribe nursing care beyond purely biomedical issues.Descriptors: pregnancy; maternal-child nursing; nursing theory; maternal behavior. Preparación para la maternidad durante la gestación: un análisis de conceptoObjetivo. Identificar los atributos del concepto de preparación para la maternidad durante la gestación. Métodos. Análisis de concepto con el método de Walker y Avant en el que se realizó una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos y otras fuentes. Se definieron criterios de inclusión y se creó una base de datos con los artículos incluidos para el análisis. Se integró la información dando respuesta a los ocho propuestos en el método. Resultados. El concepto de preparación para la maternidad durante la gestación se define como un proceso intermedio de participación activa y consciente delimitado por el contexto cultural, social e histórico de la mujer, que favorece cambios en el estilo de vida para optimizar la salud y cuyos atributos se clasifican en preparación física y psicológica. Conclusión. Los atributos identificados contribuyen a la comprensión de 296Jhon Henry Osorio-Castaño • Gloria Carvajal-Carrascal • María Rodríguez-GázquezInvest Educ Enferm. 2017; 35(3) la preparación para la maternidad durante la gestación como un concepto multidimensional. Estos resultados podrían ser empleados para el diseño de acciones de cuidado tanto para la valoración de la gestante como para la prescripción de cuidados de enfermería más allá de los asuntos puramente biomédicos.Descriptores: embarazo; enfermería maternoinfantil; teoría de enfermería; conducta materna.Preparação para a maternidade durante a gestação: uma análise de conceito Descritores: gravidez; enfermagem materno-infantil; teorías de enfermería; comportamento materno.