One of the main difficulties faced by architecture students is the lack of access to practical resources for the understanding of the building process as a whole, from the conception of the architectural project to the completion of the work. Based on previous innovative teaching experiences (ARCHITECT-Site Visits, Buildings 360), during the 2021-2022 academic year the Experimental Workshop 2 Site Visits wa developed for students in the 4th year of the Degree in Foundations of Architecture taught at the ETSAM, with the aim of connecting the theoretical knowledge acquired in previous years with the practical application of elements, systems and construction techniques through site visits at different stages of execution, as well as understanding the different phases of construction and the digital tools that can be used to monitor them. Una de las principales dificultades que tiene el alumnado de arquitectura es la falta de acceso a recursos prácticos en el conocimiento y comprensión del proceso edificatorio en su conjunto, desde la concepción del proyecto arquitectónico hasta la finalización de la obra. En base a experiencias docentes innovadoras previas (ARCHITECT-Visitas de obra, Buildings 360), durante el curso 2021-2022 se ha desarrollado el Taller Experimental 2 Visitas de Obra dirigido a alumnado de 4º curso del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura impartido en la ETSAM, con el objetivo de conectar los conocimientos teóricos adquiridos en los cursos anteriores con la aplicación práctica de elementos, sistemas y técnicas constructivas mediante visitas a obras en diferentes fases de ejecución, así como comprender las diferentes fases de la construcción y las herramientas digitales que se pueden emplear para su seguimiento.
ResumenLas evidencias del impacto sobre el medio ambiente asociado al funcionamiento de las ciudades hacen que sea urgente proponer medidas que reduzcan este consumo y mejoren la eficiencia del metabolismo urbano. La existencia de límites en la disponibilidad de recursos materiales y energéticos, plantea actualmente un reto importante al ser humano: ¿son posibles otras formas de organización más adecuadas a esta condición de limitación? Para dar respuesta, resulta fundamental conocer cómo interactuarán nuestros sistemas urbanos en un modelo económico de continuo desarrollo, con la población que alojan, y si podrán adaptarse a la capacidad de carga limitada del Planeta, evitando futuras situaciones de colapso anunciadas desde distintos ámbitos científicos. En ese contexto, la tesis formula un método de análisis del alojamiento que, mediante la evaluación a largo plazo, permita proponer medidas de intervención para reducir el consumo de recursos asociado a su funcionamiento. Partiendo de un enfoque ecológico para definir el alojamiento como una parte fundamental del sistema urbano, que está compuesta por tres elementos: habitantes, viviendas y recursos naturales; por tanto, para reducir los impactos asociados al alojamiento es necesario tener en cuenta la diferente naturaleza de estos elementos y el carácter dinámico de las relaciones que se producen entre ellos. AbstractEvidence of the impact on the environment associated with the operation of cities make it urgent to propose measures to reduce energy consumption and improve the efficiency of urban metabolism. The limited availability of materials and energy resources currently poses a significant challenge to human beings: are more appropriate forms of organization for this limitation possible? In response, it is essential to know how our urban systems with the population they host will interact in an economic model of continuous development and whether they can adapt to the limited endurance capacity of the planet, thus avoiding future collapse situations which are being announced from different scientific fields. In this context, the thesis puts forward a method of housing analysis that by a long term assessment will enable to propose intervention measures to reduce resource consumption associated with its operation. The thesis is based on an ecological approach to identify housing as a fundamental part of the urban system, which is composed of three elements: inhabitants, homes and natural resources. Therefore, in order to reduce the impacts associated with housing it is necessary to consider the characteristics of these elements and the dynamic nature of the relationships among them.
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