Objective:Spondias mombin is a plant that reported to have anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiulcer, antiasthmatic, and wound healing activities. Diabetes dyslipidemic effect of Spondias mombin leaves is not clear. Hence, current study planned to evaluate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of methanolic extract of leaves of Spondias mombin (MESM) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods: Phytochemicals were determined by standard method and antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging and FRAP assay. Diabetes was induced by injecting a single dose of STZ (55 mg/kg) into female sprague dawley rats. After 3 days of induction of diabetes, the diabetic animals were treated for 28 days with MESM (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (20 mg/kg) orally. The body weight of rats and blood glucose levels were monitored at regular intervals during the experiment. At the end of study, blood sample was collected from all the animals and subjected to biochemical, lipid profile, and they were sacrificed and their organs such as pancreas, liver and kidney were used for histopathological analysis.Results: Quantitative analysis of MESM showed the presence of anthraquinone, tannins, saponins, steroid, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and reducing sugars. Reduction in body weight and elevated blood glucose were observed in diabetic rats. Treatment with MESM in a concentration of 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg significantly reversed the elevated levels of blood glucose, reduced aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, total serum cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and increased plasma insulin, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Conclusion: MESM exhibited a significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities against STZ-induced diabetes in rats.

Nanogels are highly recognized as adaptable drug delivery systems that significantly contribute to improving various therapies and diagnostic examinations for different human diseases. These three-dimensional, hydrophilic cross-linked polymers have the ability to absorb large amounts of water or biological fluids. Due to the growing demand for enhancing current therapies, nanogels have emerged as the next-generation drug delivery system. They effectively address the limitations of conventional drug therapy, such as poor stability, large particle size, and low drug loading efficiency. Nanogels find extensive use in the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents, reducing adverse drug effects and enabling lower therapeutic doses while maintaining enhanced efficacy and patient compliance. They are considered an innovative drug delivery system that highlights the shortcomings of traditional methods. This article covers several topics, including the involvement of nanogels in the nanomedicine sector, their advantages and limitations, ideal properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug loading capacity, particle size, permeability, non-immunological response, and colloidal stability. Additionally, it provides information on nanogel classification, synthesis, drug release mechanisms, and various biological applications. The article also discusses barriers associated with brain targeting and the progress of nanogels as nanocarriers for delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system.

The present study was planned to characterize and analyze the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) biosynthesized using a Coccinia indica leaf (CIL) ethanolic extract. The present study included the preparation of CIL ethanolic extract using the maceration process, which was further used for AgNP biosynthesis by silver nitrate reduction. Biosynthetic AgNPs were characterized using UV–Visible spectrometry, zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry. The biogenic AgNP and CIL extracts were further investigated against different bacterial strains for their antimicrobial activity. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal at 425 nm confirmed AgNP formation. The SEM and TEM data revealed the spherical shape of biogenic AgNPs and size in the range of 8 to 48 nm. The EDX results verified the presence of Ag. The AgNPs displayed a zeta potential of −55.46 mV, suggesting mild AgNP stability. Compared to Gram-positive bacteria, the biogenic AgNPs demonstrated high antibacterial potential against Gram-negative bacteria. Based on the results, the current study concluded that AgNPs based on CIL extract have strong antibacterial potential, and it established that AgNP biosynthesis using CIL ethanol extract is an effective process.

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