The megacities´ sewage creates socioeconomic dependence related to water availability in the nearby zones, especially in countries with hydric stress. The present paper studies the water balance progression of realistic scenarios from 2005 to 2050 in the Mezquital Valley, the receptor of Mexico City untreated sewage since 1886, allowing agriculture irrigation in unsustainable conditions. WEAP model calculated the water demand and supply. Validation was performed with outflows data of the Tula River and simulated three scenarios: 1st) Steady-state based on inertial growth rates, 2nd) Transient scenario concerned climate change outcomes, with minor influence in surface water and hydric stress in 2050; 3rd) Transient scenario perturbed with a planned reduction of 36% in the imported wastewater and the start-up of a massive Water Treatment Plant, allowing drip and sprinkler irrigation since 2030. In the 2005-2017 period, 59% of the agriculture depended on the flood irrigation with megacity sewage. The water balance scenarios evaluated the sectorial supply of the ground and superficial water. Drip irrigation would reduce 42% of agriculture demands, but still does not grant the downflow hydroelectric requirements, aggravated by the lack of wastewater supply since 2030. This research alerts about how present policies compromise future Valley demands.
A Meu constante amigo Deus. Ao Professor Hélio Goldenstein por ter a oportunidade de receber sua orientação, por ter confiado em mim, por suas palavras simples e sábias na hora certa. A minha esposa Lorena por seu amor e genial positivismo que vira no principal apoio para ter logrado muitas metas. A meu Pai e minha querida avó quem sempre acreditam em mim permanecendo em minhas lembranças. A Deisy, Julio César e Diana Lucía Echeverry Sarmiento. Aos meus amigos: Diana López por seu entusiasmo, alegria e energia que nunca acaba; Claudia Ossa pela sua perseverança, positivismo e sincero abraço; Maria do Carmo Amorim que sempre injetava os dias de energia e de quem aprendi que a vida sempre tem um sorriso; Abel André pelas interessantes discussões derivadas de ou um café ou um Rum; a Dairo Mesa por que o conhecimento nunca acaba; a meu amigo Freddy Franco por seu sincero apóio; a Marcelo Rojas por seu positivismo e alegria.
Evaluación electroquímica con técnicas de corriente directa D.C. ..
4.6.1.2Evaluación con espectroscopía de impedancias electroquímica EIS. 123 4.6.2 Recubrimientos de Ta-N-Si .
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