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SeaMo, a vertical handoff (VHO) implementation based on our earlier paper [1] is tested with various mobility scenarios on a mobile IP testbed using MIPv6 and HIP protocols for mobility management. SeaMo considers various parameters like RSSI, link quality metric, end-to-end available bandwidth, battery power, network usage costs etc., in making the VHO decision. We present our experiences using SeaMo in mobility scenarios involving 3G and WLAN. We present a set of results which demonstrate the performance of SeaMo. We explain the need for considering a wide range of parameters from RSSI to network usage cost. We also highlight the impact of using the available battery power in decision making. In addition, we attempt to measure typical values of parameters such as network association delay, and handoff decision delay that impact the QoS.

The evolution of drones and similar small wingspan UAVs has resulted in their use in many commercial applications. This has allowed investigating the potential use of drones in the context of Internet of Things. In the recent past, there is ample evidence indicating the use of UAVs as a means to supplement mobile infrastructure to extend it for surveillance, monitoring, data collection and providing on-demand network access capabilities. This paper explores the potential of UAVs to act as on-demand QoS enablers for TCP-based applications within Smart Cities, particularly those applications that require low connection delays, reliability and high throughputs such as multimedia streaming. Many multimedia rich applications, such as live streaming, multi-player online gaming are mostly tied down to fixedline broadband infrastructure. Mobile cloud technologies and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) address the challenge by bringing the computing, storage and networking resources to the edge and integrating with the base station, thereby providing better content delivery. The paper presents a concept of UAV-based aerial MEC, which hosts a TCP-proxy that acts as an 'On-Demand QoS' enabler to TCP-based applications in Smart Cities reducing the overall-connection delays and increasing the throughput thereby enhancing the end-user experience. With the technologies available in literature we demonstrate that a UAVbased aerial MEC with the capability to migrate QoSenabling processes from the edge to the core and edge to the edge, to support mobile applications, is feasible.

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A prominent function of a mobile host is seamless Vertical Handoff (VHO) that ensures application service continuity and quality. VHO decision algorithms that have been proposed in the literature consider parameters such as wireless channel quality (RSSI), cost, channel load, and available bandwidth. The mobile node runs the VHO algorithm autonomously and makes the decision. We highlight the fact that such a local decision can potentially result in a poor end-to-end application level QoS. We present a VHO scheme that takes into account endto-end QoS as one of the key parameters in addition to other common parameters. We propose an architecture involving an external host based light-weight server (Access Link Utilization Monitor) that disseminates the available end-to-end bandwidth to the mobile node to assist it in making a decision to maintain endto-end service quality. We describe a fuzzy logic based algorithm that has been used in the handoff decision. We present the results of our implementation on a mobile IP testbed under different realistic scenarios, that include WLAN, WiMAX and 3G access technologies to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme.