Background: Little is known whether children experience pain during hospital stay from the child's own perspective or not. The existing studies tend to be based on a small number of children and therefore have limitations concerning the generalisability of the results. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe children's self-reported pain and experience concerning pain management during hospital stay. Methods: This study has a quantitative cross-sectional design with descriptive statistics as data analysis. Results: A total of 786 questionnaires, Pain in Children in Hospital, were distributed in four countries with the response rate of 75% which was almost equal between countries. Our result showed that 87% (503/579) children at hospital selfreported pain during the past 24 h. Nearly 63% of the children reported a pain score of > 5 the last 24 h. Most of children reported that they had received a question about pain from the hospital staff, and that the staff observed and assessed their pain. Totally 95% reported that they were satisfied with their pain relief during the last 24 h. Conclusion: Our study showed that when children were given the possibility to self-report pain, nearly 2/3 expressed that they had experienced pain during hospital stay. However, most of them reported satisfaction with pain management and their pain relief.

The problem of the configuration of the chelate group and the metal ring in chelates of transition metals with Schiff bases and their analogues is discussed, and the influence of various factors analysed, in particular the nature of the central metal atom and the steric and electronic effects of the ligands. Various types of conformational changes in conjugated metal rings in bicyclic and tricyclic chelates are surveyed, and factors influencing these changes are noted. The conformation of the non-conjugated metal rings in tricyclic chelates is discussed. A list of 188 references is included.

BACKGROUND: Modern education in the field of healthcare is faced with the challenge of coping with one of the most important tasks – to develop in students a set of competencies which serve as a sound basis for mastering a series of job-specific knowledge, skills and abilities, and which constitute a guarantee for coping successfully with all everyday tasks. The attention of the mentor is focused on finding the most reasonable solution to the various situations that the trainee may find him/herself in, and ensuring emotional comfort. AIM: To identify the grounds and criteria for selecting mentors for the pre-graduation traineeships of the future registered nurses. METHODS: To determine the opinion of the mentors, we surveyed 106 mentors in several university hospitals: ‘St. Georgi’ University Hospital – Plovdiv, MPHAT AD – Haskovo, ‘Dr. At. Dafovski’ University Hospital – Kardzhali, University Hospital – Stara Zagora. RESULTS: During the pre-graduation traineeship in a real-life environment, students have the opportunity to develop and consolidate a series of skills, competences and qualities which are an integral part of the modern image of the registered nurse. Logically, the mentor should be the leading factor in the pre-graduation traineeship, yet the tutor has organisational and control functions. CONCLUSION: Mentors are expected to ensure patient safety, as well to create suitable working conditions for students.

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(‐)‐Campher (I) setzt man in Toluol entweder mit aromatischen Säurechloriden in Gegenwart von Natrium oder mit den Amylestern aromatischer Säuren in Gegenwart von Natriumamid zu den Arylhydroxymethylencampherderivaten (II ) um.