The signiicance of the educational environment in health professions academic institutions, increasingly recognized on a global scale, is fundamental to effective student learning. This study was carried out to evaluate students' perceptions of the educational environment in ive undergraduate dental institutions in Pakistan. This non-interventional study used a postal questionnaire based on the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM). The subjects were dental students taking the inal professional B.D.S. examination at ive dental institutions afiliated with the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 197 students participated in the study (response rate of 83.82 percent). The overall DREEM score was 115.06 (Cronbach's alpha 0.87). Nine items recorded scores <2 and were lagged for remediation. Signiicant differences were observed between students' perceptions of learning and of teachers (p<0.05). Many issues challenge the quality and delivery of dental education in Pakistan, and dental institutions need to develop robust mechanisms to incorporate contemporary international trends in dental education in order to improve the educational environment.

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Computer-assisted learning programs (CALs) were embedded in a course on general pathology for medical students at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. Students' reactions to the programs were evaluated. Students completed written questionnaires and were interviewed and observed as they used the CALs. Students liked the CALs and felt that they were integrated with other parts of their teaching and aided them in understanding the subject material. Different question styles were variably appreciated. The most useful aspects of the CALs were the interactive parts (questions and answers), summaries, pictures, learning at the individual's own pace, and question practice, especially with MCQs. Students found the CALs an effective learning tool, particularly when linked with other course components as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, other learning methods.

Carcinoid syndrome is the product of a rare but fascinating malignant neoplasm. Carcinoid syndrome was described more than 100 years ago, and recent advances in diagnostic localization, elucidation of the mechanisms of oncogenesis, treatment options, and, consequently, patient prognosis have been made. Current modalities of treatment, possible therapeutic implications of new avenues of research, and current literature on the chemotherapeutic combinations used are reviewed.

Computer-assisted learning programs (CALs) were embedded in a course on general pathology for medical students at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. Students' reactions to the programs were evaluated. Students completed written questionnaires and were interviewed and observed as they used the CALs. Students liked the CALs and felt that they were integrated with other parts of their teaching and aided them in understanding the subject material. Different question styles were variably appreciated. The most useful aspects of the CALs were the interactive parts (questions and answers), summaries, pictures, learning at the individual's own pace, and question practice, especially with MCQs. Students found the CALs an effective learning tool, particularly when linked with other course components as a complement to, rather than a replacement for, other learning methods.