No abstract

The Grand Bazaar is a historical trade centre more than 500 years in the historical peninsula of Istanbul, Turkey. It consists of almost 3,600 small shops from different sectors (such as jewellery, carpet, leather, souvenir, finance, restaurant, café, confection etc.), two Bedesten, 64 street and 16 Han (inn) buildings. The Bazaar has 21 main gates that open to different streets and have different relation with outside. More than 25000 staff work in the shops and 300-500 thousand users come to Bazaar daily depending on the season and day. The pedestrian density is changeable, depending on the place of the inner street and the type of the sector. The historical disaster records (earthquake, dated 1766 and 1894, the grand bazaar fire, dated 1954) show that there was evacuation vulnerability. The main gates (exit doors) and exit route need some rehabilitation for safety evacuation during any disaster. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Grand Bazaar’s emergency evacuation vulnerability. The evacuation vulnerability factors question the width, length and natural illumination of the evacuation route, maintenance of the roof, presence of hazardous materials, door specifications as size, material, opening direction, maintenance and difference in elevation on the route and exit area such as staircase and thresholds.

Istanbul, which has been the capital city of different empires throughout history, houses numerous listed architectural and cultural historical buildings. There are diverse applications of timber structures all through Anatolia. As capital city of Ottoman period, construction of timber had high and low periods in Istanbul. As masonry houses have suffered numerous intense and destructive earthquakes, wooden buildings gained importance to be safe especially among rich people. As several fires wiped out thousands of houses and the districts, masonry buildings were made obligatory by law in the form of building regulations. Later however, due to many damages caused by repeated earthquakes, construction of timber buildings was once again allowed under the law. Between the 15th and the 18th centuries, the Turkish dwellings of timber framed construction with brick filling were developed. After the 18th century, the quality of work was decreased; the wall frames constructed without any filling sheathed with timber planks or lathed plaster became popular. Today, although these timber dwellings are listed, they are in very poor condition due to lack of maintenance and wrong interventions. In order to make risk assessment of these structures, more than 20 houses were inspected in Historical Peninsula of Istanbul. This paper will discuss risks sources, assessment of damage level and evaluation of the present condition of these buildings.

The chassis frame is the backbone of a vehicle to safely carry the maximum load for all the designed operating conditions. This paper describes the design and analysis of vehicle chassis using different materials for different cross sections. The main objective of this attempt is to reduce the self-weight of the chassis. In this work a truck chassis is taken for modeling and analysis. Two different alloy materials of steel and aluminium are considered for three different cross sections namely I, C and regular box type. SOLIDWORKS and ANSYS software are used for modeling and analysis of this work respectively.

Abstract-On the topic design of instruments, we have selected the topictaper gauges.A new instrument to measure bore diameter of any given specimen in a simple and precise manner. This instrument is named as "Taper Gauges" which is nothing but sets of tapered metal rods of some standard angles on which the measurements are made based on certain constants for that instruments depending upon the taper angle the work piece used. Taper gauges are the precise instruments to measure the bore diameter of any circular cross section with least count of 0.01 mm for 5.74° tapering. On decreasing the taper up to the angles of 1°, we can increase the precision of the instruments up to 0.001mm. Hence the accuracy will be more. Later it can be used on calipers for further improvements. Eventually it will be digitalized.