A wide range of inflammatory as well as neoplastic lesions can present as nodular, soft, mobile subcutaneous swellings all over the body. FNAC(fine needle aspiration cytology) is considered to be the first reliable technique for diagnosing them. To study the cytomorphological patterns of subcutaneous nodular lesions and correlate with histopathology. A three year prosective study of all palpable subcutaneous swellings presenting to cytology section with histopathological correlation.:The data are expressed in descriptive statistics measures such as percentages and proportions. A continuous data was presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). Out of 1427 total cases, most common were benign lesions (97.4%) including lipomas (35.24%) followed by benign spindle cell lesions (17.02%). Malignant cases comprised only 2.7%. Many rare lesions like gouty tophi, calcinosis cutis, filariasis, myositis ossificans were also encountered. Biopsy correlation could be done in 12% of cases. Small subcutaneous swellings though appear benign in most of the cases, can be due to an interesting and grave aetiology which must be kept in mind of clinicians as well as cytopathologists.

Background: Skin adnexal tumours are heterogenous group of uncommon tumours having distinct histological features. They have varied clinical presentation and morphological differentiation towards one or more types of adnexal structures found in normal skin. The aim of this study was to study the different histomorphological patterns of appendageal tumours and correlate them with clinical presentations. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of three year duration of all cases clinically diagnosed to be appendageal tumours and confirmed by histopathology in our department. The tumours were classified according to their differentiation after a detailed histopathological examination in haematoxylin and eosin sections. Results: The total number of cases in the study were 43,in which 28 were males and 15 females. Most of the tumours (97.7 %)were benign and there was only one case sebaceous carcinoma. The majority of the tumours had an eccrine differentiation (30.9%), nodular hidradenoma among them being the most common lesion (20.9%). Trichilemmal cyst (30.2%) constituted the maximum cases of pilar origin. Conclusion: Skin adnexal tumours are relatively rare with benign ones being more common than the malignant tumours. Proper clinical correlation and histopathological study helps in reaching a correct diagnosis.

Rhabdoid tumor of kidney is one of the uncommon pediatric renal neoplasms with highly aggressive clinical course. We are presenting a case of 1 year child with abdominal distension and hematuria. On Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) a heterogenous mass in lower pole of kidney was detected. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study after radical nephrectomy revealed Malignant rhabdoid tumor of kidney. It has a tendency to metastasize early and it is associated with synchronous presence of other malignancies. No definite effective treatment for this tumor is available till now. This further necessitates the early diagnosis and prompt management which can be life saving for the patient. We are presenting this case to emphasize on its rarity and aggressive clinical behaviour.

Lingual thyroid (LT) is a developmental defect due to the failure of the thyroid gland to descend to its normal cervical location during embryogenesis. Lingual thyroid has an overall prevalence of 1 in 100,000 to 1in 3,00,000 and is seven to ten times more common in females than in males .Lingual position represents the most frequent ectopic location accounting up to 90% of ectopic cases. It is found at the junction of the anterior two thirds and the posterior third, between the epiglottis and the circumvallate papillae. Most cases are asymptomatic, however, increase in size can cause local symptoms like upper airway obstruction, dysphagia and hemorrhage at any time from infancy to adulthood. Thyroid scintigraphy, neck ultrasound, CT- scan, MRI are some diagnostic modalities that play a vital role in diagnosing ectopic thyroid gland. Treatment of this anomaly includes exogenous L-thyroxine hormone administration, radioiodine ablation therapy and surgery. We hereby report a rare case of lingual thyroid in a young girl reported by fine needle aspiration cytology.

Introduction: Colorectal Carcinoma (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related mortality globally. It is a source of concern for researchers worldwide and hence, a lot of emphasis is being given towards early detection and targeted drug therapy to improve the survival rate. Aim: To study the expression of beta-catenin in colonic polyps, adenomas and CRC and to associate beta-catenin expression with various clinicopathological features. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India from September 2018 to August 2020. Colonoscopic biopsies, mucinous carcinoma and poorly preserved tissue were excluded. Histopathological study and Immunohistochemistry evaluation of beta-catenin was done. Statistical analysis was done by using appropriate tests. A p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Out of 80 cases, 40 cases were benign lesions Non neoplastic polyp and adenoma) and 40 cases were adenocarcinoma. It was observed that benign lesions had maximum cases with preserved membranous expression (36/40) and very few cases (4/40) showed cytoplasmic expression of beta-catenin. But in carcinoma, high cytoplasmic expression was seen in 20/40 (50%) whereas 8/40 (20%) cases had nuclear positivity. Membranous beta-catenin expression was significantly higher in benign lesions than in the malignant lesions (IS:8.75±3.09 versus 4.30±2.70) respectively; (p<0.0001). But cytoplasmic beta-catenin expression was low in benign lesion as compared to malignant lesion (IS: 2.07±3.46 versus 5.35±3.14), respectively; (p<0.0001). However, nuclear beta-catenin expression was extremely low in benign lesions than in malignant lesions (0.08±0.47 versus 1.90±3.49), respectively; (p=0.0016), this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the change in beta-catenin expression with gradual transition from predominantly membranous pattern to cytoplasmic or nuclear as we progress from normal colorectal tissues to polyps, benign premalignant lesions and malignant neoplasms. This property of beta-catenin helps in determining malignant potential of various premalignant neoplasms of large intestine which in turn helps in initiating early prophylactic treatment.