Introduction: Type II diabetes mellitus is considered as a global epidemic that can lead to the complication related to renal, retinal and vascular system. Measurement of ions like sodium, potassium and chloride can be useful as a marker for the patient’s susceptibility to develop diabetes related complications. Thus, our study focuses on observing the electrolyte imbalances in type II diabetes patients. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted at Star Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. A total of 400 (200 type II diabetic and 200 healthy subjects) participants were enrolled. Blood sample was collected and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured by glucose oxidase-peroxidase method and serum sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) were measured by ion selective electrode method. Results: In type 2 diabetic patients serum sodium was decreased while potassium and chloride was found to be increased than healthy subjects. We found negative correlation between fasting plasma glucose and sodium (r= -0.36, p= 0.001). On the other hand positive correlation was found between fasting plasma glucose with potassium and chloride (r=0.194, p=0.006 and r= 0.36, p=0.001) respectively. Conclusion: The serum sodium was found to be decreased with the rise in fasting plasma glucose. On the flip side, serum potassium and chloride was increased with the increase in fasting plasma glucose level. Therefore management of type 2 diabetes must include electrolyte profile test to monitor increase or decrease of electrolyte concentration to prevent the patient’s risk of developing the diabetes associated complications. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, electrolytes, glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes mellitus concurrently potentiates a number of risk factors, significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous risk factors associated with diabetes gets intensified by the presence of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome together can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease by 2 to 4 folds. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MetS in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients. Components of metabolic syndrome were measured and compared to determine the prevalence.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to December 2019 at star hospital and modern technical college, Sanepa, Nepal. A total number of 353 patients with T2DM visiting star hospital were included in the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 353 participants, MetS was diagnosed in 242 (68.5%) participants using NCEP-ATP III criteria. The prevalence of MetS was 68.5% among which male were 123 (76.3%) and female were 119 (61.9%). MetS was found to be highest in age group of 50-59 years with 34.2% (83) participants. Dyslipidemia with raised TG (triglyceride) 71.4% and reduced HDL 76% was found to be most prevalent component in our study followed by hypertension 73.1%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> 68.5% prevalence of MetS in T2DM with 76.3% male and 61.9% female according to NCEP-ATP III was found with anthropometric indices significantly higher in the male population compared to female population.</p>