Background: Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection characterized by inflammation of lung tissue accompanied by infiltration of alveoli and bronchioles. Most common type is community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Initial therapy is usually empirical that is designed to treat various pathogens. In CAP cases, antibiotic therapy should begin at the earliest. The objectives of the study include to identify most common causative micro-organisms, to assess risk of developing CAP in patients having co-morbidities, to identify most commonly prescribed antibiotic regimen.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for period of 6 months at RIMS, Kadapa. 120 patients were recruited based on inclusion criteria. Treatment was given according to Infectious Diseases Society of America and American Thoracic Society guidelines.Results: In a total of 120 patients, 77 were males and 43 were females. 69 patients belong to 46-55 & above age groups. 84 patients had social habits and 36 patients are without social habits. Patients with single lobe infiltrations are 105 and patients with multiple lobe infiltrations are 15. In our study, streptococcus pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common isolated organisms. Monotherapy was given for 7 patients, dual therapy for 97 patients and triple therapy for 16 patients. 33 patients received ceftriaxone (CEF) and augmentin (AUG), 29 patients received CEF and azithromycin (AZI), 7 patients received levofloxacin (LEV), 25 patients received CEF and LEV, 10 patients received CEF and ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 16 patients received CEF, AUG and AZI. 100 patients had less than 8 days of hospital stay.Conclusions: Research study concluded that β lactum antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed class. CEF and AUG was highly recommended drug regimen.

According to World Health Organization (WHO), respiratory tract infections kill 2.6 million children every year worldwide so, it is recognized as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Respiratory tract diseases are quite prevalent & more dangerous to the people with weak immune system function. The study was carried out for a period of 90 to 100 days in Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Kadapa. Antibiotics are prescribed based on symptoms and laboratory investigations. It is a single centered, prospective observational study. Subjects of both genders who indicated with any one antibiotic or its combination are taken in our study and patients who had co morbid pathological conditions also included. Pediatrics, pregnant women and surgical cases were excluded from the study.60 patients (Ambulatory patients) were collected. 36 were male and 24 were female. 20 patients were found to be Literates and 40 patients were Illiterates. 38 patients belong to Lower class, 17 patients belong to Middle class and 5 patients belong to Upper class. 9 patients belong to 15-30 years of age group, 21 patients belong to 31-45 years of age group, 16 patients belong to 46-60 years of age. Ceftriaxone is prescribed in 24 patients, Azithromycin is prescribed in 17 patients, Levofloxacin is prescribed in 7 patients, Ceftriaxone + Augmentin is prescribed in 12 patients.Drug utilization studies used to analyze the different aspects of the use of drugs and to implement ways of improving therapeutic quality. In the present study, pneumonia diagnosed patients (12 patients) received antibiotic combination regimen, while other common respiratory disease patients (48 patients) received single antibiotic during treatment. All the prescribed antibiotics belong to broad spectrums that are effective against most of causative organisms such as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Mycoplasma, Klebsiella, Hemophilus etc. In our study, it was also found that, physicians prescribed correct drug in correct dose at correct time through right route of administration for right duration of treatment, it clearly implies that most of the prescriptions found to be Rational.