Introduction: The utilization of HAMs is crucial in emergency and intensive care departments, as they can cause a significant amount of damage to the patient and health care members if we could not follow the standard treatment guidelines. Drug utilization evaluation/review involves a comprehensive review of the patient’s prescription and medication data before, during, and after dispensing to ensure appropriate medication decision making and positive patient outcomes. Objective: This study was taken up given finding the utilization patterns and rectifying the issues with the usage of high alert medications (HAMs) and improving their utilization. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months at a south Indian tertiary care hospital. Treatment guidelines were prepared to compare the actual drug use. Data were collected both retrospectively and prospectively by patients and care taker’s interview, medication chart review, and discussion with prescribers and applied WHO DUE indicators to evaluate utilization patterns. Results: Of 362 cases, 57.73 % were males/ and the majority geriatrics. Among all HAMs Insulin is frequently prescribed (34.5 %) and the costly drug is Enoxaparin. Generic names were used in writing prescriptions and parenteral formulations were mostly used. Around 9 ADRs were identified and managed, and a total of 133 moderate to severe Drug-Drug Interactions were found, of them, only 2 were actual. Conclusion: With this study, we conclude that the use of HAMs was found to be appropriate as per the guidelines as we observed very few DRPs with the study drugs. Keywords: HAM, DRP’s, DUE, ICU, DDD

Background: Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection characterized by inflammation of lung tissue accompanied by infiltration of alveoli and bronchioles. Most common type is community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Initial therapy is usually empirical that is designed to treat various pathogens. In CAP cases, antibiotic therapy should begin at the earliest. The objectives of the study include to identify most common causative micro-organisms, to assess risk of developing CAP in patients having co-morbidities, to identify most commonly prescribed antibiotic regimen.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for period of 6 months at RIMS, Kadapa. 120 patients were recruited based on inclusion criteria. Treatment was given according to Infectious Diseases Society of America and American Thoracic Society guidelines.Results: In a total of 120 patients, 77 were males and 43 were females. 69 patients belong to 46-55 & above age groups. 84 patients had social habits and 36 patients are without social habits. Patients with single lobe infiltrations are 105 and patients with multiple lobe infiltrations are 15. In our study, streptococcus pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common isolated organisms. Monotherapy was given for 7 patients, dual therapy for 97 patients and triple therapy for 16 patients. 33 patients received ceftriaxone (CEF) and augmentin (AUG), 29 patients received CEF and azithromycin (AZI), 7 patients received levofloxacin (LEV), 25 patients received CEF and LEV, 10 patients received CEF and ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 16 patients received CEF, AUG and AZI. 100 patients had less than 8 days of hospital stay.Conclusions: Research study concluded that β lactum antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed class. CEF and AUG was highly recommended drug regimen.

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Background: An inflammation of the pancreas that lasts only a short time is called Acute Pancreatitis (AP). High levels of pancreatic enzymes in the blood and significant upper abdominal pain are its defining characteristics. Acute pancreatitis is typically a benign, self-limiting condition that cures itself without any problems. Objectives: The current study's objective was to assess the prevalence of various AP etiologies, compare the variations in clinical characteristics among patients with various AP causes, assess the length of hospital stay, review the diagnostic techniques used to confirm AP, and monitor the clinical management of AP. Materials and Methods: A six-month prospective observational research study in a multifunctional tertiary hospital with 750 beds. The statistical analysis and evaluation of the acute pancreatitis clinical profile were done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Results: The study included 50 patients in total. Males outnumbered females 96% to 4%, with a mean age of 34.7. Alcoholism accounted for the majority of the subjects' 44 (88%). Abdominal pain was the most common symptom, reported by all 50 (100%) of them, followed by nausea and vomiting in 38 (76%), The majority of them were prescribed Ceftriaxone, which was given to 22 (44%) of them, followed by 13 (26%) prescriptions for Metronidazole, 10 (20%) for Meropenem, 6 (12%) for Cef-Sulbactam, and 4 (8%) for Ciprofloxacin. Pancreoflat was prescribed for 33 (66%). Proton-pump inhibitors were administered to 50 (100%) patients, followed by antacids in 22 (44%) cases, and histamine type 2 receptor blockers in 1 (2%) cases. 48 (96%) of them spent between 1 and 10 days in the hospital, 1 (2%) between 11 and 20 days, and 1 (2%) between 21 and 30 days. Conclusion:The study's findings suggest that untreated acute pancreatitis can result in major side effects. Multicenter research involving a significant patient sample and the longer time durations is also recommended.