Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji istilah ‘afeksi’ dalam teologi JonathanEdwards yang ditulis pada abad ke-18 dalam salah satu karya utamanya,ATreatise Concerning Religious Affections. Istilah ‘afeksi’ merupakanterminologi dalam psikologi modern, sebuah disiplin ilmu yang baru muncul di pertengahan abad ke-19. Studi ini menelaah apakah ada kesamaan makna dari istilah yang digunakan oleh Edwards di abad ke-18 dengan istilah itu di masa kini. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, dipelajari latar belakang, definisi, karakteristik, signifikansi, serta implementasi afeksi dalam kehidupan Kristen. Ternyata istilah ini merujuk pada natur hati manusia atau kecenderungan jiwanya atau kehendaknya, dimana rasio dan emosiberinteraksi untuk mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan. Memiliki hati yang benar atau afeksi kudus adalah tujuan utama dari kehidupan Kristen.
Enneagram is an ancient personality typology that can depict one’s personality strategy and pattern. It is potential to be used in Christian spiritual formation trainings. However, some Evangelicals voice their doubts especially regarding its historicity and reliability in relation to Christian spiritual formation. This study, conducted by using exploratory qualitative approach, tries to examine enneagram through its historicity and empirical studies and their interconnections with Christian spiritual formation. The study shows that enneagram can be used in Christian spiritual formation trainings, especially on topics discussing relational issues in the areas of friendship, marriage, leadership, conflict management, or counseling. ABSTRAKEnneagram adalah tipologi kepribadian kuno yang dapat menggambarkan strategi dan pola kepribadian seseorang, sehingga berpotensi untuk digunakan dalam pembinaan formasi spiritual Kristen. Namun muncul keraguan dari kalangan Protestan Injili, terutama ditinjau dari aspek historis dan reliabilitasnya dalam hubungannya dengan formasi spiritual Kristen. Karena itu dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif ekploratori, tulisan ini menelaah berbagai kajian historis dan empiris mengenai enneagram serta keterkaitannya dengan formasi spiritual Kristen. Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa enneagram dapat digunakan dalam pembinaan formasi spiritual Kristen, khususnya untuk menunjang pembahasan isu-isu relasional seperti persahabatan, pernikahan, kepemimpinan, manajemen konflik, atau konseling.
Spiritual formation in a Christian context is a continuous life-long process for a Christian to grow and imitate Christ. This process does not merely occur cognitively and individualistically but holistically and communally, and it also applies to senior adults (65 years and above). However, due to historical influences, many churches are still doing a fragmented and segregative spiritual formation. As a result, senior adult parishioners might not grow maximally and tend to be passive and isolated onlookers who merely become ministry targets of the younger ones. There needs to be a paradigm change for the senior adults to keep growing and functioning in the community as part of their spiritual formation. This article proposes the significance of spiritual formation for senior adults with a more holistic and intergenerational paradigm which utilizes a qualitative method, including a literature review. According to this study, senior adult parishioners should be served by following God’s design on human nature and through the perspective of ministering-with-senior adults instead of ministering-to-senior adults. This article thus aims to inspire churches to apply and develop the spiritual formation of senior adult parishioners through the holistic and intergenerational paradigm, not fragmented and segregative as it used to be.
This article explores the views on woman by comparing Greek-rooted thoughts prevailed upon the the Greek, Romans, and Jewish antiquities with Jesus Christ’s perspective, especially those written in the Synoptic Gospel and the Gospel of John. This study uses the multimethod research to gain a more thorough understanding about the issue. The integrative literature review is used to get insight on Greek philosophy’s perspective on woman and its influences on the thoughts existed in the Romans and Jewish antiquities. Meanwhile, the narrative-analysis method is used to gain understanding about Jesus Christ’s perspective on woman. This study concludes that the Son of God opposes various Greek-rooted thoughts on woman and shows that woman is God’s worthy creature and the heir of His promises for humanity.Abstrak: Tulisan ini menelaah pandangan tentang perempuan melalui komparasi antara perspektif yang berakar dari pemikiran Yunani yang terdapat di tengah masyarakat Yunani, Romawi dan Yahudi kuno dengan pandangan Yesus Kristus tentang perempuan yang terdapat di Injil Sinoptik dan kitab Yohanes. Digunakan cara penelitian multi-metode dalam kajian ini untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih menyeluruh tentang isu ini. Metode studi pustaka dengan pendekatan integratif digunakan untuk menelaah perspektif terhadap perempuan dalam pemikiran Yunani kuno dan pengaruhnya pada pemikiran Romawi dan Yahudi kuno. Sementara itu, metode analisis naratif digunakan untuk melihat pandangan Yesus Kristus tentang perempuan yang terdapat di Injil Sinoptik dan kitab Yohanes. Dari penelaahan ini disimpulkan bahwa Sang Anak Allah menentang berbagai pemikiran yang berakar dari filsafat Yunani dan justru menunjukan bahwa perempuan adalah ciptaan Allah yang berharga dan merupakan pewaris janji-janji-Nya bagi umat manusia.
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