Duarte VS, Santos ML, Rodrigues KA, Ramires JB, Arêas GPT, Borges GF. 194 e quadril juntos; outras regiões foram citadas com menor recorrência. Os exercícios que tiveram maior destaque foram exercícios aquáticos, isocinéticos, treinamento de força muscular, caminhada, além da educação em saúde que também foi muito utilizada nos estudos selecionados. Conclusão: Pôde-se constatar por esta revisão que os estudos demonstram a eficácia do uso de exercícios na melhora dos sintomas decorrentes da osteoartrose, porém, não há um consenso quanto aos parâmetros de aplicação, como intensidade e duração de cada tipo de exercício. [P] Palavras-chave: Osteoartrite. Exercício físico. Terapêutica. Fisioterapia. AbstractIntroduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that is evidenced by the wear of joint's cartilage, in which often reaches the joints that support weight, like knee. Objective: To describe the principal evidence associated with the use of exercise in improving symptoms of osteoarthritis resulting in individuals over 50 years. Materials and methods: This is a systematic review of literature with the use of electronic databases of journals indexed: National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE -PubMed), Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences (LILACS), and based Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Results: There were 1405 articles were selected in the databases SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and MEDLINE with these 101 articles were selected. Among the areas affected by osteoarthritis, the knee was the most frequently mentioned, followed by knee and hip together, other regions were also cited with less intensity. The exercises that have become more prominent were water exercises, isokinetic, muscle strength training, walking, and health education has also been widely used in selected studies. Conclusion: It was found that through this review that studies show the efficacy of exercise in improving the symptoms caused by osteoarthritis, but there is no consensus on the application parameters such as intensity and duration of each exercise. [K]

Immune changes and increased susceptibility to infection are often reported in elite athletes. Infectious episodes can often impair training and performance with consequences for health and sporting success. This study monitored the occurrence of episodes of upper respiratory symptoms (URS) and the variation in circulating NK cells, CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cells subpopulations, over a winter swimming season. Nineteen national elite swimmers and 11 non-athlete controls participated in this study. URS episodes were monitored using daily log books. Blood samples were taken at rest at four time points during the season: before the start of the season (t1--middle September), after 7 weeks of an initial period of gradually increasing training load (t2--early November), after 6 weeks of an intense training cycle (t3--late February) and 48 h after the main competition (t4--early April) and from the controls at three similar time points (t1--early November; t2--late February; t3--early April). In the swimmers, the occurrence of URS clustered around the periods of elevated training load (67 %). No URS were reported at equivalent time points in the non-athletes. Athletes showed a decrease in the percentage (t2 = 21 %; t3 = 27 %; t4 = 17 %) and absolute counts of circulating NK cells (t2 = 35 %; t3 = 22 %; t4 = 22 %), coinciding with the periods of increased training load, never recovering to the initial values observed at the start of the season. The reduction in the CD56(dim) and an increase in the CD56(bright) NK cell subpopulations were significant at t2 and t3 (p < 0.05). Concomitant with the fall in values of NK cells, in athletes that shown more than three URS episodes, a moderate correlation (r = 0.493; p = 0.036) was found between CD56(bright)/CD56(dim) ratio and the number of URS episodes after the more demanding training phase (t3). At t3, a lower value of CD56 cell counts was found in the group who reported three or more URS episodes (t = 2.239; p = 0.032). A progressive significant decrease in the expression of CD119, the receptor for IFN-γ, on the CD56(dim) cells was found over the season and an elevation in Granzyme B expression was coincident with the more demanding training phases. Periods of highly demanding training seem to have a negative impact on innate immunity mediated by NK cell subsets, which could partially explain the higher frequency of URS observed during these training phases.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A atividade física influencia a manutenção das atividades ósseas normais, e por este motivo vem sendo indicada no tratamento da osteoporose. OBJETIVO: Verificar na literatura científica a influência do exercício físico na prevenção e no tratamento da osteoporose em idosos. METODOLOGIA: A presente pesquisa foi sustentada através de revisão sistemática de literatura, com a utilização das bases de dado eletrônicas: LILACS, SciELO e PubMed. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores na língua portuguesa: osteoporose, exercício físico, idosos, tratamento e prevenção, sendo estes utilizados para pesquisa nas bases LILACS e SciELO; e na língua inglesa, foram utilizados os seguintes: osteoporosis, physical exercise, elderly, prevention e treatment, sendo esta busca realizada na base de dados PubMed. Foram selecionados os resumos que apresentaram critérios iniciais de seleção. RESULTADOS: De um total de 203 artigos encontrados, 27 preencheram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, sendo que 9 artigos se concentraram no tratamento, 16 na prevenção e 2 no tratamento e na prevenção. Os exercícios que mais se destacaram no tratamento da osteoporose foram os seguintes: exercícios de extensão isométrica de tronco, exercícios em cadeia cinética aberta, coordenação e equilíbrio. Já na prevenção, os mais evidenciados foram: exercícios físicos de alta intensidade, exercícios de alto impacto e exercícios aeróbios. CONCLUSÃO: Pode-se concluir que o exercício físico é dado como fator importante, tanto na prevenção quanto no tratamento do idoso acometido pela osteoporose, e que ele possui especificidades de acordo com o objetivo a ser alcançado.