Camera trapping is the most used method for surveying medium-sized carnivores in Spain. The main target for these surveys has been the Iberian lynx, the most endangered cat in the world. The Iberian lynx conservation program has received the largest EU LIFE projects grant. So, efficiency is a key goal for managing this grant. During 2003 and 2007, we have applied these funds to the survey of the Iberian lynx in Eastern Sierra Morena (Spain). Using two different techniques, we have studied both to see which is the most efficient. The survey developed in active latrines resulted more efficient than that of scent stations and live prey camera trapping throughout the years, although there has been a variation between years. Otherwise, the live prey method has been the one providing the greatest speed and number of pictures per entrance. We suggest that cameratrapping surveys can be improved in terms of efficiency for a wide range of species, or at least for the Iberian lynx. To improve the results, cameras might be placed in relation to breeding territories. With this determinant, camera-trapping surveys would be shorter than 120 days. Finally, we suggest how those surveys for medium carnivores should be designed.

Highlights Transmission of potato yellow vein virus by a single whitefly vector was found to be highly temperature dependent. A non-linear mathematical function to describe the relationship between temperature and transmission likelihood was developed. A virus risk index was created by combining the virus transmission function and a whitefly phenology model. Detailed maps were generated indicating the risk of virus transmission using current and predicted future climate scenarios. Maps were used for surveillance of high-risk areas outside the known geographic range of the virus, leading to its discovery in a new region.

Aim of the study: To develop a site index model for Quercus faginea Lam. stands. Area of study: Spain Material and methods: Data from 81 growth series collected in plots where Q. faginea was the main species were used for modelling. Different generalized algebraic difference equations (GADA) were fitted from traditionally used models. Richards model was selected and used to expand the parameters with environmental variables.Research highlights: Winter rainfall (WR), annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) and pH were introduced increasing the prediction ability of the GADA. It is strongly recommended to apply the model with ages lower than 80 years because the lack of data above that age makes bias increase and efficiency decrease.

IntroductionMethanol poisoning is uncommon but potentially lethal. The way of poisoning is usually oral. However, in a small number of cases, inhalated methanol poisoning was described. Most of these occurred among patients suffering a disorder by use of this substance. This type of poisoning has an insidious presentation, that complicates its diagnosis. This poisoning may be lethal. It may produce a chronic and severe affectation of the central nervous system in those who survive to the poisoning. After diagnosis, it is compulsory to act quickly, and it often requires advanced vital support and hemodialysis.ObjectivesEducate the Mental Health professionals about a type of disorder by consumption increasingly more frequent in some cities across Europe. This is a high fatality related poisoning that emergency and general psychiatrists should know as it is increasingly common in Europe.MethodsWe present the case of a 20-year-old patient, treated at the emergency department of our hospital in context of metanol inhalation. The patient regularly attended to our Dual Pathology outpatient unit due to a severe inhalant use disorder. Several stays at the intensive care unit had been recorded and he already presented with severe optic nerve affectation.DiscussionIn recent years there has been an increase in inhalant abuse in Europe, which is still underestimated by our poor knowledge about its potential toxicity.ConclusionInhalated methanol poisoning occurs with a typical presentation, and may appear after suicide trial or overdose. Mental health professional should become aware of its potential lethality to approach properly to these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

The paper describes the results of a benchmarking exercise conducted for a selected set of Well Reservoir and Facility Management (WRFM) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) on two greenfield, heavy oil assets in Kuwait. The purpose of the benchmark exercise was to define a baseline performance for these new heavy oil assets to validate ongoing improvement efforts, as well as to identify further improvements opportunities the medium term. The assets were compared against a group of analogue assets operated by an IOCs. The benchmarking exercise focused on four areas common to all assets: Production Optimization Gains, Well Stock Reviewed, Total Deferment from Wells and Data Acquisition Compliance. Given the differences in conceptual definitions employed by the companies (including the definition of the KPIs, and even the definition of an "asset"), the study started by formalizing the definitions based on the IOC standard. Given that the WRFM processes had only been formally implemented in the Kuwait heavy oil assets in 2018, the data collection was limited to 2018. The greenfield nature of the assets presented some challenges due to different approaches in measurements and the ongoing implementation of the WRFM processes which required normalization of the data to make the comparison effective. Analysis of the benchmark results indicate that the heavy oil assets in Kuwait have an acceptable performance versus the IOC assets, particularly in Production Optimization Gains and Data Acquisition Compliance. However, the performance is mostly driven by the nature of the asset (Greenfield, early production life) and the relatively small number of wells compared to the IOC assets, which are more mature. The assets required additional focus on well stock reviewed and reduction of the total deferment from wells. By increasing the well stock coverage, more optimization opportunities would be identified and eventually executed. Deferment (mostly due to Sand production and availability of equipment) required urgent attention based on the larger difference in this KPI with the benchmarking group. A set of recommendations per KPI was defined to support the improvement efforts, which are expected to positively impact the performance of the Kuwaiti assets and to maximize the value at their early production stages. Benchmarking of greenfield assets, particularly in heavy oil, presents various challenges associated with the early stages of operation (and the implementation of WRFM processes), as well as with the actual measurement of performance when compared to more matured assets. The paper is expected to provide a valuable reference for new heavy oil projects, either under definition or in early production, to focus WRFM efforts and accelerate their performance toward top quartile.