We report on the distribution of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of biotinylated and diluent alkylthiolates for streptavidin immobilization. Two thiol derivatives, 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (MUOH) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic-(8-biotinylamido-3,6-dioxaoctyl) amide (MBDA), were employed for mixed SAM. These thiols formed self-assembled monolayer without local domain, and streptavidins were immobilized onto biotinylated gold surface without nonspecific binding. In order to find the optimized condition of immobilization of streptavidin, we controlled the mixing ratio of two kind thiols by colorimetric detection assay, and the immobilization was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and ellipsometer.

In this paper, dynamic track tension for high mobility tracked vehicle is investigated by multibody dynamic simulation techniques. This research focuses on a heavy military tracked vehicle which has sophisticated suspension and rubber bushed track systems. In order to obtain accurate dynamic track tension of track subsystems, each track link is modeled as a body which has six degrees of freedom. A compliant bushing element is used to connect track links. Various virtual proving ground models are developed to observe dynamic changes of the track tension. The dynamic track tensions are monitored at several stationary hull points and points on the track link itself. The effects of pre-tensions, traction forces, turning resistances, sprocket torques, ground profiles, and vehicle speeds, for dynamic responses of track tensions are explored, respectively. Numerical studies of the dynamic track tension are validated against the experimental measurements.

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