The transmission of energy is monitored in the smart grid through deploying sensors in all the components, including the overhead transmission lines. There are many poles/towers supporting a long overhead transmission line. Naturally, sensors are deployed on the location close to the poles/towers on each span. Due to the limited transmission range of the wireless transceiver module of a sensor, researchers generally assume that data generated by a sensor have to be delivered to the substation through a set of sensors in-between. This results in a linear network model. In this paper, we first analyze the performance of this model in handling the traffics extracted from an existing testbed. We realize that the linear network model may not be sufficient to support future smart grid applications which may have diversified requirements on data delivery. We then study a new network model in which sensor/relay nodes can also communicate with other nodes using a wide area network such as the cellular network. In this new model, the network formed can be reconfigured based on the application requirements to deliver information to the substations efficiently and effectively.

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To resolve the problem of data transmitting in multi-sensor network possessing of a lot of sensors and processing sensors signals on the same time base and transmitting the results remotely, a three classes’ bus topology structure based on intelligent node was designed. The system comprised scene devices, transmission cable, and console. The scene devices included several gateways, more nodes and sensor groups. The console communicated remotely with gateways via Ethernet, and gateway communicated with nodes via CAN bus, each node managed a group of sensors via RS-485 bus. The designs of intelligent node were presented in detail including hardware design, transport protocols, as well as program flow. Above conceptual design was applied successfully in a certain multi-sensor network system principle prototype consisting of a console, a gateway and three nodes possessing of ten sensors. The results prove the conceptual design feasible.