Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15 (12), 4829-4837 IntroductionBreastfeeding is the most common method by which mothers provide nutrition to newborn infants. Based on the latest National Immunization Survey data in 2012, the overall rate of initiation of breastfeeding in the United States is 76.9% (CDC). The most significant effect of breastfeeding on maternal health is the reduced risk of developing breast cancer (Bernier et al., 2000; Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast, 2002;do Carmo Franca-Botelho et al., 2012). Studies of the overall effect of breastfeeding on maternal outcomes also suggest that breastfeeding decreases the risk of developing hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Schwarz et al., 2009). Infant could also benefit from long-term breastfeeding, e.g. prevention of Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma (Wang et al., 2013).Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the seventh-leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. The prognosis for ovarian cancer is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 45% (Jemal et al., 2011), and the causes of the disease are not understood. There

Nonliving free radical polymerization of acrylamide was chosen as a model reaction to investigate the effect of mixing performance on the polymerization in capillary microreactors. The polymerization rate was enhanced by increasing the volumetric flow rate and the reaction temperature at a constant residence time. However, higher temperatures led to lower Mn and larger PDI. The reaction mixture viscosity increased significantly during the polymerization. Both diffusion and dispersion coefficients were calculated to evaluate the mixing performance in microreactors. The capillary microreactor with a larger inner diameter led to higher monomer conversions, lower Mn and larger PDI compared to the capillary microreactor with a smaller inner diameter, which could be explained through a heat balance analysis for the polymerization and the dispersion effect. Moreover, it was found that the addition of a pre-mixing stage minimized the effect of insufficient mixing between the initiators and the monomers on the polymerization.

Problematic smartphone use (PSU) is a novel manifestation of addictive behaviors. It is frequently reported to be correlated with anxiety symptoms among University students. However, the underlying mechanism has not yet been thoroughly studied. Whether the association between anxiety symptoms and PSU is mediated or moderated by self-efficacy remains unclarified. A cluster sampling cross-sectional study was thus conducted to explore the potential mediating or moderating effect of self-efficacy in Chinese University students. Participants (N = 1,113) were recruited from eight Universities in Shenyang, China. Of them, 146 did not effectively respond to the questionnaires. Thus, 967 participants were eligible for the final analysis. The mediating or moderating role of self-efficacy in the anxiety-PSU relationship was explored using hierarchical multiple regression. Then the mediation model was further verified using the SPSS macros program (PROCESS v3.0). Our results showed that anxiety symptoms was positively correlated with PSU (r = 0.302, P < 0.01), while self-efficacy was negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms and PSU (r = −0.271 and −0.181, P < 0.01). Self-efficacy partly mediated the relationship between anxiety symptoms and PSU, which accounted for ~17.5% of the total effect that anxiety symptoms have on PSU. However, the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the anxiety-PSU relationship was insignificant. In summary, our findings suggested that self-efficacy partly mediates but not moderates the link between anxiety symptoms and PSU among Chinese University students. Therefore, multicomponent interventions should be made to restrict the frequency of smartphone usage, enhance the level of self-efficacy, and thus promote the mental health status of University students.

Liquid–liquid mass transfer performance in a capillary microreactor system was studied with an improved experimental method. Proper sampling modes were chosen to eliminate the effect of the sampling zone on the mass transfer characterization in capillary microreactor systems. The overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients in the T‐micromixer and the capillary microreactor system were found to smoothly increase and then significantly increase with increasing the Reynolds number of two immiscible liquid phases. Other factors such as the inlet mode and inner diameter of T‐micromixer, the capillary length, and the volumetric flux ratio of the aqueous phase to the organic phase affected the mass transfer performance in the T‐micromixer and the capillary microreactor system. Furthermore, the contribution of the mass transfer in the T‐micromixer zone to the capillary microreactor system was found to be in a range of 34–78% under the involved experimental conditions, which was emphasized in the proposed empirical correlations. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 1106–1116, 2018

Background:Since 2010, two versions of National Guidelines aimed at promoting the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been formulated by the Chinese Society of Cardiology. However, little is known about the changes in clinical characteristics, management, and in-hospital outcomes in rural areas.Methods:In the present multicenter, cross-sectional study, participants were enrolled from rural hospitals located in Liaoning province in Northeast China, during two different periods (from June 2009 to June 2010 and from January 2015 to December 2015). Data collection was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. In total, 607 and 637 STEMI patients were recruited in the 2010 and 2015 cohorts, respectively.Results:STEMI patients in rural hospitals were older in the second group (63 years vs. 65 years, P = 0.039). We found increases in the prevalence of hypertension, prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and prior stroke. Over the past 5 years, the cost during hospitalization almost doubled. The proportion of STEMI patients who underwent emergency reperfusion had significantly increased from 42.34% to 54.47% (P < 0.0001). Concurrently, the proportion of primary PCI increased from 3.62% to 10.52% (P < 0.0001). The past 5 years have also seen marked increases in the use of guideline-recommended drugs and clinical examinations. However, in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events did not significantly change over time (13.01% vs. 10.20%, P = 0.121; 13.34% vs. 13.66%, P = 0.872).Conclusions:Despite the great progress that has been made in guideline-recommended therapies, in-hospital outcomes among rural STEMI patients have not significantly improved. Therefore, there is still substantial room for improvement in the quality of care.