No abstract

Our findings provide the first demonstration of the anticancer effect of TQ on bladder cancer, and the relationship between ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction was clearly understood when the apoptosis progressed is revealed.

Although important progress has been made in elucidating the role of the tumor microenvironment in the development of bladder cancer, little is currently known regarding the interactions with vascular endothelial cells (ECs) that promote cancer progression. In the present study, it is reported that epidermal growth factor receptor ligands induced by the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C via the VEGF receptor (R)2/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway in ECs, may trigger EGFR signaling in bladder cancer cells and promote bladder cancer progression. Furthermore, the interaction between bladder cancer cells and ECs enhanced EC recruitment though the CXCL1/CXCL5/CXCL8-CXCR2 pathway. Western blotting was used to evaluate the presence of VEGFR, EGFR and nuclear factor-κB, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of VEGFR ligands and EGFR ligands. The present results indicate the mechanism by which the indirect interplay between bladder cancer cells and vascular ECs promotes cancer progression, through the VEGFR2 signaling pathway in vascular ECs and through the EGFR signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells.

Objectives: To investigate the feasibility and initial surgical outcomes of transurethral enucleation for 6 patients with bladder leiomyoma. Materials: Six patients (mean age 50.2, range [34–67]) with bladder leiomyoma underwent transurethral enucleation. In each case, the resectoscope was inserted into the bladder. A resecting loop was used to incise the urothelium along the surgical margin of the bladder tumor, and a push was given through the resecting loop to further separate the tumor until it was shelled off the bladder wall. The intact mass was then cut into pieces and flushed out. After the operation, irrigation therapy was given. Results: Surgery was performed successfully in all 6 patients. The mean size of the tumor was 3.9 cm (1.8–6.7 cm). The mean operation time was 60 min (30–100 min). The mean follow-up period was 14.8 months (2–30 months), and no evidence of recurrence was found in all cases. Conclusion: Transurethral enucleation is a safe, reliable, and effective surgical technique for selected patients with well-encapsulated tumors and is well suited for further pathological diagnosis and radical treatment.

Current techniques responsible for bladder cancer diagnosis and monitoring are insensitive and invasive. Here, we report a surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotag for the sensitive diagnosis of bladder cancer using urine samples as a noninvasive approach. The sea-urchin-like Au nanoclusters used in this work exhibit excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering ability with an enhancement factor of 3.44 × 107. Molecular beacons labeled with Cy3 are covalently anchored to the surface of Au nanoclusters, which serve as a specific recognition site for survivin mRNA. Further a polyethylene glycol coating provides stability and completes the final functionalization. This surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanotag has good efficiency (equilibrium time: 10 min) with high sensitivity (detection threshold: 19.4 nM), high specificity (capable of single-base mismatch recognition) and good stability against nucleases. All these features are also verified in the fluorescence modality. Furthermore, its function was highly maintained in clinical samples from 13 patients with bladder cancer, as evidenced by a sensitivity up to 91.7% and a specificity up to 100%. The nanotag demonstrates its superiority over cytology and has its great clinical value even for early bladder cancer diagnosis. Thus, the nanotag is promising for noninvasive and sensitive diagnosis of bladder cancer.