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Background: Leprosy or Hansen’s disease is a chronic infectious disease that mainly affects skin and peripheral nerves. Histopathology and demonstration of lepra bacilli is an essential tool to supplement clinical examination and diagnosis for correct classification and therefore treatment of patients. Aim: To study histopathology of leprosy cases and identify histological types in patients in a tertiary care centre, Asram hospital in Eluru. Materials and Methods: 18 skin biopsies diagnosed as leprosy over a period of two years from January 2018 to December 2019 were studied. Haematoxylin-eosin and Fite-Faraco staining for demonstrating lepra bacilli were done. Results: Male to female ratio of patients was 4.5:1. Maximum number of cases was seen in the 3rd and fourth decades of life. The commonest histological type was borderline tuberculoid (5 cases, 28%) and indeterminate type, lepromatous type (3 cases, 16%); followed by tuberculoid leprosy and erythema nodosum leprosum (2 cases, 11%), the least common cases were of lepromatous leprosy to borderline tuberculoid leprosy (1cases, 6%). The most common site was upper limb (26%). All 3/18(24%) patients with affected nerves showed ulnar and auricular nerve involvement. Hypopigmented, anaesthetic plaque was the commonest clinical feature followed by erythematous lesions. All cases of borderline tuberculoid, borderline lepromatous, lepromatous, midboderline and indeterminate showed acid-fast bacilli on Fite stain. Tuberculoid cases showed well-formed granulomas, borderline tuberculoid type showed additional feature of giant cells and lepromatous types showed grenz zone and no granulomas. Conclusion: Histopathological examination is the gold standard for accurate diagnosis and typing of leprosy. It should be done in all leprosy cases presenting to the clinician.

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Background: Intra-operative frozen section plays an important role in the management of surgical patients but yet it must be used prudently to avoid the indiscriminate usage of this technique. As it is subjected to many limitations in comparison to the paraffin embedded sections, this study aims to highlight the important concepts and principles of intraoperative frozen section consultation as well as discussing the limitations of this technique. A comparison with other latest techniques. Aims and objectives:To evaluate the performance and limitations of frozen sections in the intraoperative evaluation of thyroid, breast, gastric, ovarian, central nervous system and lower extremities biopsies. Materials and methods:Retrospective and prospective study of frozen sections done over a period of one and half year were taken. Fine needle aspiration cytology, frozen and biopsy performed for various tumours in thyroid, breast, gastric, ovary, CNS and lower limb were studied. A Comparison for frozen, fine needle aspiration was done which was later confirmed by histopathology. Accuracy of frozen section in our study was 91%.Results: Out of 21 cases, 19 cases of frozen sections coincided with histopathological diagnosis and 20 cases of fine needle aspiration cytology coincided with histopathological diagnosis. Conclusions:The role, value, and limitations of frozen section and gross consultation were variable in different sites. Frozen section aided the surgeon to choose the best therapeutic approach and in rapid diagnosis of a pathological process. Confirmed the diagnosis of carcinoma if the fine needle aspiration cytology or core needle biopsies are inconclusive prior to major radical surgery. Also provided an assessment of resection margins in carcinoma. When unexpected disease process was found and required a definite diagnosis to decide what to do next frozen section was helpful.